Children’s Crusade 1212

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1. Summary Slaughterhouse number five, or the Children’s Crusade Kurt Vonnegut Slaughterhouse number five, or the Children’s Crusade “Almost all this happened in fact.” This phrase begins a novel, which, as it appears from the author’s warning, “is partly written in a slightly telegraph-schizophrenic style, as they write on the planet Tralfamador, from where the flying saucers appear.” The protagonist of the book, Billy […]...
2. “Slaughterhouse number five, or the Crusade of the Children” Vonnegut in brief summary “Almost all this happened in fact.” This phrase begins a novel, which, as it appears from the author’s warning, “is partly written in a slightly telegraph-schizophrenic style, as they write on the planet Tralfamador, from where the flying saucers appear.” The protagonist of the book, Billy Pilgrim, according to the narrator’s expression, “disconnected from time”, […]...
3. The Crusades of the 11th-13th centuries The growth of the political influence of the papacy was particularly evident in the organization of the Crusades to the East. At the end of the XI century. Christian pilgrims lost the opportunity to freely pilgrimage to the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, because the city was captured by the Seljuk Turks who professed Islam. The […]...
4. Allah and Muhammad There was a man who was not afraid of the Meccan merchant class. It was Mohammed. He was born in Mecca around 570. Early orphaned. At the age of 25, I married a rich widow Khadija, who helped to lead the trade and who became his true companion for life. When Muhammad was about 40 […]...
5. The Crusades of 1096-1270 The first in 1096 moved to distant Jerusalem detachments of French and German peasants – almost unarmed, without food supplies. On the way, they robbed and killed everyone, especially the Jews. Their fate was sad. The Byzantine emperor quickly sent them across the Bosporus to Asia Minor, where the Seljuks almost all this “army” and […]...
6. Migration, epidemics, war and famine in the Middle Ages In the Middle Ages Europe was inhabited by Greeks, Romance peoples, Celts, Thracians, Germans, Balts, Slavs, Finno-Ugrians, and Asian and African minorities. In the V-XI centuries. the tribes and peoples of Europe have already sufficiently mixed up among themselves. Medieval people were restless. The merchants, schoolchildren, students, beggars, tramps, monks, pilgrims, masters, artists, singers, etc., […]...
7. Prince Oleg’s trip to Byzantium The earliest surviving ancient Russian chronicle to date, “The Tale of Bygone Years” begins with a story about the campaign of Prince Oleg to the city of Tsargrad. According to this historical document, one part of the prince’s army advanced on horses along the shore, and the other on the sea on two thousand ships, […]...
8. General information about Africa The area is 30.3 million km2. Population over 890 million people The highest point above sea level is Kilimanjaro. The lowest point from sea level is the Assol depression. The length of the coastline is -30.5 thousand km. The average height above sea level is -650 m. The longest river is the Nile with Kagera. […]...
9. The Caliphate of the Umayyads and Abbasids After the death of Muhammad, the Muslim state was headed by his closest associates, who were called Khalifs – the “successors” of the prophet. The first caliphs, coming from the rich and influential Meccan family of the Umayyads, understood that in order to strengthen their power and Islam, victorious wars that would rally the Arabs […]...
10. Arabia and the Arabs The Arab conquests of the 7th-8th centuries. closely tied the Christian West and the Islamic world, the relations between which were not easy. Christians and Muslims had plenty of work among themselves, but at the same time they established peaceful trade and exchanged cultural achievements. The creators of Islam were Arabs – Arabs. The Arabian […]...
11. The power of the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed II In 1451, the sultan became Mehmed II, who was nicknamed the Conqueror. He was a clever, educated, power-hungry, cruel and very insidious man. Mehmed II mastered in 1453 Constantinople, made it the capital of his state and renamed Istanbul. In Istanbul there lived not only Turks, but also Greeks, Armenians, Jews and representatives of other […]...
12. Knight-monastic orders Crusaders with great difficulty succeeded in retaining power over the conquered population. The weakness of the positions of the Crusaders in the East prompted the papacy to create there knights-monastic orders. The knights entering them gave three monastic vows: poverty, obedience and celibacy. Their main task was to fight against the enemies of Christianity. To […]...
13. Biography of Arthur Ashe Arthur Esch – tennis player, was born on July 10, 1943 in the city of Richmond, Virginia. Best known as the first black man to win the US championship. In the biography of Arthur Ash, the stellar period was the 1960s and 1970s. Sometimes the athlete is called an African American pioneer, because he was […]...
14. Entertainment and leisure for children in medieval Europe In the folk festivals – for example, noisy processions of mummers – children took part. But there were boys and girls and their children’s games and entertainment, which are partly preserved to this day. The girls played with dolls. The boys preferred mobile games, especially the game of knights and squires. So they prepared themselves […]...
15. India – “The country of a thousand miracles.” Delhi Sultanate. The Mughal Empire At the end of the old – the beginning of a new era, India was repeatedly conquered by strangers. A huge country was inhabited by a great many peoples and tribes, so it was difficult to unite it to repel invaders. Political fragmentation contributed to the fact that the local nobility cared more for their […]...
16. The emergence of Scandinavian states in the Middle Ages The basis of the economic and political life of Scandinavia in the days of the Vikings were free people Bond. They had their own farm, they used the right to carry arms and appeal to the courts. They were farmers, cattlemen, hunters and fishermen. All of them were considered equal, but often their rights depended […]...
17. Biography of Chinua Achebe Achebe Chinua 1930 is a Nigerian writer who was born in the city of Albert Chinualumogou Achebe. Graduate of the University College in Ibadan. Achebe, as the native speaker of Igbo, also writes in English, is one of the most famous African authors and according to some he is the father of modern African literature. […]...
18. Relief and minerals of Africa 1. Write a description of the relief of the island of Madagascar. In order to complete this task, you need to use the plan for describing the terrain. It is important not to confuse the plan for describing the terrain of the territory with a plan for describing the shape of the relief. What is […]...
19. Biography of Mohammed Abul-Qasim Muhammad is a prophet, a preacher, a messenger of Allah, to whom God gave the book holy to all Muslims – the Koran. He is the founder of Islam, the creator of the first Muslim community. Muhammad was born in Mecca supposedly in 571 AD. The boy lost both parents, and from the age […]...
20. Interesting facts from the history of the Middle Ages There were also purely children’s entertainment. Every year puppets brought puppies to the school for Shrovetide. And instead of sitting in class, the kids all morning watched the cockfighting. To medieval children’s theatrical representations it is possible to carry and unusual ceremony with “the boy-bishop”. On the day of St. Nicholas or St.. Innocent in […]...
21. Conquest of Ottoman Turks. Ottoman Moloch In the middle of the XIV century. The Ottoman Turks implemented their first conquests in the Balkans. First they enslaved Bulgaria, then attacked Serbia. In 1389, an unequal battle took place on the Kosovo Field between Serbian knights and more numerous Turkish troops. In this battle, both the Serbian king Lazar and the Turkish sultan […]...
22. Biography of Jackie Robinson Jackie Robinson is an American baseball player, the first African American participant in the modern major league. He was born in Cairo, Georgia. He grew up in Pasadena, California. There, the biography of Jackie Robinson was famous for his outstanding athletic performance in high school and college. During visits to the University of California, Los […]...
23. Summary of “Sadko” Bylina “Sadko” is considered the most ancient example of the Russian folk epic, which has survived to the present day. The work belongs to the Novgorod cycle of epic stories that tell about the life, life and beliefs of the inhabitants of Veliky Novgorod. The central character of the epic is the guslar Sadko, who […]...
24. Genoese fortress in the Crimea. Khan’s Palace in Bakhchisaray 1. Why is the Sudak fortress in Crimea called Genoese? People built defensive structures from time immemorial, trying to protect their homes from conquerors. In the wooded area, the fortress was built of wood, in the mountain – made of stone. At the beginning of the history of Kievan Rus, foreign sources called it “country […]...
25. Political map of Africa In ancient times, states in Africa did not have clear boundaries. The division of the territory began mainly during the colonization of the continent by European states and ended only in the second half of the 20th century. The outlines of the borders, which are straight lines, recall the colonial past of Africa. The colonialists […]...
26. Composition on the picture Vereshchagin “Triumph” As far as I know, this picture was written by Vereshchagin in 1872, after a trip to Central Asia. This picture reflects not only the war, since it depicts Muslims who celebrate the victory. This picture showed me the Nazism of the Muslim people to the Russian people. To show the population the severed heads […]...
27. Byzantine society Byzantine society was very colorful: aristocrats, officials, intellectuals, clergy, merchants, artisans, peasants and slaves. Aristocrats performed certain public duties in combination with a pleasant rest. Mental labor involved employees of state and church institutions, that is, bureaucracy. The average and higher officialdom lived not so much at the expense of state fees, but at the […]...
28. How I learned to read When I was very young and could not read, my mother read to me. I learned about the good Dr. Aibolit, the Little Red Riding Hood and three pigs, about Uncle Styopa and the Basseyna scattered from the street, about the friendship of the lion and the dog. My mother read to me poems, tales, […]...
29. Population and appearance of the cities of medieval Europe The composition of the population of the medieval city was extremely heterogeneous. The craftsmen prevailed in it, who themselves sold their own products, combining in one person an artisan and a merchant. Most of the urban population was involved in the service sector. They belonged to hairdressers, owners of inns, laborers, servants, etc. In large […]...
30. The appearance of medieval towns In the X-XIII centuries. in Europe, like mushrooms after the rain, cities grew – special, not similar to the Roman, or, even more so, modern. First they appeared in Italy, later – in Southern France, even later – in the north of France, in the Netherlands, England, Germany, the countries of Scandinavia, Ireland, Hungary, the […]...
31. “Tashkent – the city of bread” Neverova in brief The main characters: Mishka Dodonov – a boy of 12 years, his family – his mother and two brothers, all other relatives of the boy died of hunger, Seryozhka Karpukhin – his friend, the man Prokhor, Trofim, the train driver. Mishka heard from the peasants in the village that in Tashkent cheap bread, but it’s […]...
32. Races and peoples of Africa The main part of the inhabitants of the mainland is the indigenous population, belonging to the three races – Caucasoid, Negroid and Mongoloid. Representatives of the Caucasoid race live mainly in the north of Africa. These are samples and Berbers, who in ancient times moved here from Asia. They are characterized by dark skin, dark […]...
33. Writing a story based on what you heard A large bush of viburnum grows near the grandmother’s house. Hata seemed to hide in the shade of a bush – such a magnificent and magnificent rose viburnum. In autumn she inclines her brushes to the ground, as if she is asking at hand: take me. I admire her red berries and remember what I […]...
34. Summary “Boys” by Chekhov Volodya came with a friend home. Mother and aunt rushed to hug and kiss him. The whole family was overjoyed, even Milord, a huge black dog. Volodya introduced his friend Chechevitsyn. He said he brought him to stay. A little later, Volodya and his friend Chechevitsin, stunned by a noisy meeting, sat at a table […]...
35. Transport and communications in medieval Europe Although the royal authority also cared about the construction of roads, without which it was impossible to reliably manage the state, the road network in medieval Europe was disgusting. Cobbled roads were a rarity. The majority of the roads of that time are ordinary paths traversed through fields and meadows and laid in forest thickets. […]...
36. Trade and usury in medieval Europe Trade and craft were the economic basis of medieval cities. For a large part of the population this was the main occupation. In the XI-XV centuries. foreign, as well as transit, trade, which concentrated primarily in the two main European regions, developed significantly. One was the area of ​​the Mediterranean, where the trade routes that […]...
37. Summary “Bezhin Meadow” IS Turgeneva During the hunting for black grouses in the Chern district of the Tula province, the author lost his way in the forest. He walked a long time in the forest, until by nightfall he came to a vast plain, surrounded by steep hills, Bezhin Lug. Here he noticed, in the gathering darkness, a flame of […]...
38. Summary of “Star Boy” by Oulda Poor woodcutter brought in the baby home with an amber necklace around her neck wrapped in a cloak with gold stars – he found it in the winter forest on the spot falling stars (other woodcutters refused to carry home freeloader). My wife at first was against an extra mouth, but then surrendered and raised […]...
39. Summary Boys Anton Chekhov AP Chekhov Boys Volodya came with a friend home. Mother and aunt rushed to hug and kiss him. The whole family was overjoyed, even Milord, a huge black dog. Volodya introduced his friend Chechevitsyn. He said he brought him to stay. A little later, Volodya and his friend Chechevitsin, stunned by a noisy meeting, sat […]...
40. Summary “Tashkent city of bread” Neverova Main characters: Mishka Dodonov is a boy of 12 years, his family is a mother and two brothers (Fedka is 4 years old and Yashka is 8 years old), all other relatives of the boy died of hunger, Seryozhka Karpukhin is his friend (11 years old), peasant Prokhor, Trofim the boy who dug in the […]...