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The theory of three calm
The author of this teaching was the famous cultural, scientific and public figure M. V. Lomonosov. In the 18th century, the Russian language was in fact divided into two directions: Church Slavonic and colloquial. Letters and documents were written in Church Slavonic, and often the text was impossible to understand to an ordinary person. Also, the Russian language had many obsolete expressions, borrowings from other languages, heavy-weight syntactic constructions. Grammar and pronunciation at the same time varied from region to region.
Lomonosov did a great job of structuring the Russian language. He modernized it, published textbooks on grammar, came up with many words that replaced foreign borrowings and brought the Church Slavonic language closer to the colloquial. The theory of “three calm”, or, in modern terms, “three styles,” was intended for literature. She divided the entire literary heritage into high, medium and low styles, which corresponded
High style
To the works of high style Lomonosov referred odes, tragedies, heroic poems, hymns, oratorical speeches. They had to narrate about exalted feelings or historical events. Such works used old Slavs, pompous words that were not very much used, outdated expressions: “hand,” “hand,” “open”, etc. Also, the use of ordinary literary words was allowed.
Middle style
The middle style included dramas, elegies, eclogs, poems, satires, letters, scientific works. These works told about contemporary events, the lives of interesting people, enlightened and informed him. In the average style, the usual Russian words were used, but the use of spoken language, abusive or derogatory vocabulary was prohibited, except when required by the action. Works of average style were designed for the widest audience.
Low style
Such works carried in themselves only an entertaining component. These included comedies, songs, epigrams, fables, friendly letters and notes. In the low style, colloquial words, jargon, and vulgar vocabulary were widely used: “pichuzhka”, “govarivat,” “dodder”. Works of low style were read out in a friendly circle to raise the mood, at official celebrations their reading was inappropriate.
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