The Hungarian Kingdom
On the lands of the middle Danubian – the territory of modern Hungary Hungarian tribes came in 896. At the head of the Hungarian tribes stood the leader Arpad. It is with him that the princely, and later the first royal dynasty of Hungary – Arpadovichi begins. The entire first half of the X century. detachments of Hungarian horsemen ravaged and plundered the lands of Italy, France, Germany and even reached Jutland. “Oh God, save us from the Hungarian arrows!” – Monks prayed in monasteries. In 955, the German King Otto I defeated the Hungarian army. The raids stopped, and the Hungarians finally settled in Pannonia, thanks to which they were preserved as a people.
The founder of the Hungarian state is traditionally considered István I the Holy, direct descendant of Arpad. Having overcome the relatives in a stubborn struggle and tamed the nobility, he united the lands occupied by the Hungarian tribes. Istvan ordered the construction of castles, which
The legend tells how on the eve of Christmas in 1000, Pope Silvestre II had a dream. It seems that an angel appeared to him from the Lord and prophesied: “Know, tomorrow in the early morning ambassadors of an unknown people will come to you and they will ask you for your prince along with the apostolic blessing and the royal crown.” Now, the crown already made according to your order, Do not hesitate to give that prince, if you are asked to. “You know, the crown must belong to him along with the honorary title of the king for his services.” And so it happened. Unknown people were Hungarians, and they asked for a crown, in fact, made for
In the XI century. Hungarian rulers fought with the German emperors, who sought to turn them into their vassals. At the same time, the kings of Hungary tried to maintain friendly relations with Kievan Rus. Thus, the daughter of the great prince of Kiev, Yaroslav the Wise, Anastasia was the wife of the Hungarian King Andrash I. The internecine strife in the country strengthened the position of the barons. Medium and small landowners forced King András II to sign the “Golden Bull” in 1222, which guaranteed the freedoms and liberties of all noble people, limited the influence of foreigners, and also granted the right to resist the king if he did not keep his promises.
In the middle of the XIII century. the country was crushed by Mongol troops led by Khan Baty. After the departure of the Mongols, the Hungarian state rose for a long time from the ruins. In 1301 the last representative of the dynasty of Arpadovich died. With the support of the Pope on the Hungarian throne, Charles Robert, the representative of the Angevin dynasty, who ruled in the kingdom of Naples, was established.
In the middle of the XV century. in the Hungarian kingdom formed the highest organ of estate representation – the State Assembly. It is convened once a year. Participants accept! laws, allowed to collect taxes, elected kings, etc. It was attended by tycoons, noblemen, representatives of the clergy and cities. But the role of the townspeople in management was scanty.
In the strengthening of the Hungarian state, King Matthias Corwin, a wise ruler, a brave military leader, a highly educated man, who understood art and contributed to the development of science, achieved considerable success. He managed to concentrate all the power in his hands, using the royal chancellery, where specialists with university education served. Major employees Matyas Korvin chose from the middle nobility, burghers and even peasants. To deprive the tycoons of power, the king himself hired an army. The rule of Matthias Corvinus became for Hungary a golden period, which, however, was not destined to last long. The Turkish conquerors were constantly moving to the borders of the country. After the defeat of the Hungarian army under Mogach, the country split into three parts.
(1 votes, average: 5.00 out of 5)