The beginning of the unification of Russian lands around Moscow

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1. Muscovy. Yuri Danilovich. Ivan Kalita At the turn of the XIII-XIV centuries. the great princedoms of the North-East of Russia have broken up into allotments-smaller independent principalities. In the XIV century. strengthened the Moscow and Tver principality. They began among themselves a fierce struggle for the Grand Duchy of Vladimir. The Moscow principality won, which extended its power to several […]...
2. The unification of the Arabs and the beginning of the Muslim conquests With the death of Muhammad, the question arose of his successor. Since, according to the teachings of Islam, there could be no other prophets after Muhammad, the new head of the Muslim community and the Arab state received the title of Khalif, which means “deputy prophet.” The first caliphs were elected from the companions and […]...
3. The strengthening of the Moscow state in the 15th century The political successes of the Moscow principality, achieved during the reign of Dmitry Donskoy, were consolidated and developed by his successors. The son of Dmitry Donskoy, Prince Vasily I shortly after ascension to the throne annexed the principality of Nizhny Novgorod, as well as lands in the Vychegda river basin, populated by the Komi people. […]...
4. The struggle of Russia for liberation from the rule of the Golden Horde. The Battle of Kulikovo Field Politics of Ivan Kalita continued his sons – Semyon Proud and Ivan the Red. In 1359 the prince’s throne was occupied by the nine-year-old son of Ivan the Red Dmitry. He, like his grandfather Ivan Kalita, proved to be an able and energetic ruler. It was thanks to his tireless energy in Moscow that the […]...
5. Moscow – how much in this word for the heart of the Russian Vladimir Gilyarovsky in such words confessed his love for the ancient Russian capital: “I am a Muscovite!” How happy is he who can pronounce this word, putting himself in. I am a Muscovite! “. “Moscow, Russia’s daughter is loved…” heard a lot of confessions of love, but more accurately and expressively Gilyarovsky, in my opinion, […]...
6. The word about the death of the Russian land O light and brightly decorated Russian land! Many beauties you deprive: many lakes, you divide by rivers and sources of local people, the mountains are steep, the hills are high, the oak forests are frequent, the fields are marvelous, the beasts are different, the birds are countless, great cities, marvelous villages, honest noblemen, the Russian […]...
7. Moscow is the heart of Russia Moscow is the heart of Russia, the capital of a powerful state. Eight centuries have passed since the first time in the pages of the ancient Russian chronicle the name of Moscow was named. In 1147, the chronicler noted the meeting in Moscow of Vladimir-Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky with his allies – Chernigov princes. This […]...
8. “Collecting land” in the XV century. The overthrow of the yoke, the disintegration of the Horde. Ivan III After the Battle of Kulikovo, the Moscow Principality began to “gather” Russian lands around itself. This was taken care of, in particular, by the great Moscow prince Ivan III, who resorted both to bribery and to violence. Ivan III became a widower early. The preeminent Italian diplomats, in order to persuade him to join the […]...
9. Biography of Dmitry Donskoy Dmitry I Ivanovich Donskoy – Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir. His nickname was after the victory in the Battle of Kulikovo. Early years Dmitry was born on October 12, 1350 in Moscow. In 1359, when his father died, in the biography of Dmitry Donskoy appeared guardian and mentor – Metropolitan Alexy. With him, Dmitry […]...
10. Old Moscow Muscovites and guests of the capital like to stroll through old Moscow. Now the former names of squares and streets have been restored, which makes it easy to transfer to the ancient Belokamennaya capital. Let’s start our walk from China-city, which for many centuries was the center of culture and trade of the Moscow state. […]...
11. Theaters of Moscow Among the Moscow theaters, the Bolshoi Theater, the Moscow Art Theater, the Small Theater, the operetta theaters, satires, Sovremennik and others are especially popular. Theater art in Moscow began to develop at the end of the XVI century. The first theatrical performances are connected with performances of buffoons, jesters. In 1672, the first Russian court […]...
12. The Battle of Kulikovo Field In the second half of the XIV century. The Russian princes had already acted harmoniously against the Horde. In 1378, the military forces of the Moscow and Ryazan principalities, led by the Moscow prince Dmitry Ivanovich, inflicted the first military defeat on the territory of Ryazansky Tatars. But the great Lithuanian prince Jagiello hurried to […]...
13. Development of Russian culture in the 14th-15th centuries The Mongol invasion and the establishment of the Golden Horde yoke inflicted irreparable loss on the culture of Russia. Hundreds of talented artisans were killed and taken prisoner, which led to the decline of handicraft activities, and the crafts of individual species disappeared. Many architectural monuments were destroyed. Due to lack of funds and masters […]...
14. Main events, information and facts on the topic “Slavs and their neighbors” in the tables The Czech Kingdom Hungary Polish Kingdom 1085 – Prince Vratislav II receives the title of King of Bohemia; Economically developed country in the Holy Roman Empire OK. 1000 year – the formation of the Hungarian state István I The Holy – the founder of the Hungarian state X century. – the formation of the Polish […]...
15. “Tour of Moscow” composition Many sightseeing routes are known in Moscow, today we intend to hold only one. The theme of our excursion is “Ancient monasteries in the White-stone capital”. Moscow monasteries have long been known as the abodes of Russian Orthodox culture. Here Zaikonospassky monastery, it was founded in the year 1,600 by Tsar Boris Godunov, and then […]...
16. The Mongol invasion of Russia. The Golden Horde yoke The fragmentation and princely internecine strife undermined the power of Russia. This situation in the XIII century. took advantage of the Mongol conquerors. The Mongols lived in the steppes of Central Asia. They were nomadic tribes, breeding horses, oxen and sheep. In 1206, at the kurultai of the Mongolian nobility, the leader of one of […]...
17. Summary “Alexander Nevsky” Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky was the son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodich and Princess Feodosia (daughter of Mstislav Udalogo). He was born on May 13, 1221. It is known that in 1228 and 1230, his father left the brothers Alexander and Fyodor to reign in Novgorod. But only in 1236 the period of the long reign of […]...
18. Summary “The Life of Alexander Nevsky” Prince Alexander was the son of the Grand Duke Yaroslav. His mother’s name was Theodosius. Alexander was taller than others, his voice was like a trumpet, and his face was fine. He was strong, wise and brave. A nobleman from the Western country called Andreyash specially came to see Prince Alexander. Returning to his own, […]...
19. The beginning of a religious war. Prerequisites of the Crusades 1096-1270 biennium In the middle of the XI century. Pope Gregory VII with an iron hand brought order in the Catholic Church. He resolutely demanded that kings and big feudal lords should not interfere in church affairs, and that the popes and bishops should choose the clergy. The pope claimed that monarchs should be his vassals and […]...
20. The conquest of Rus by the Mongol-Tatars. Genghis Khan. Baty Russia split into separate princedoms very inopportunely when the great Eurasian steppe came to life, where many nomadic tribes lived. At the beginning of the XIII century. the Mongols of Central Asia chose Khan Temucin as their talented commander and organizer. He was called Genghis Khan – “the ruler of the world.” Thus, a young […]...
21. The Vladimir-Suzdal Principality At the decline of the Middle Ages in Eastern Europe, a new state emerged and intensified, the Moscow state, with which historical destiny closely linked Ukraine. It was formed around Moscow, the first annalistic mention of which dates back to 1147. Rostov-Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky, the youngest son of the Kiev prince Vladimir Monomakh, surrounded […]...
22. Composition on Moscow Moscow – the heart of the motherland Moscow is the heart of our Motherland. Everyone agrees with this, even the majority of St. Petersburgers, often referring to a certain jealousy of its capital status. Moscow is diverse and diverse – just like Russia itself. Here and noisy pedestrian Arbat with its artists, artists and souvenir […]...
23. Pages of the history of Russian theater In Moscow, music lovers have long been loved. Therefore, long before the opening of the Imperial Bolshoi Theater, the rich noblemen created home theaters in their estates, where their own serf actors played. Representations could begin to dawn and lasted until darkness, until the host and his guests were satisfied with the play of the […]...
24. The beginning of the Hundred Years War After the death of Philip IV the Beautiful, the French throne belonged to three of his sons for 15 years. However, none of them left their heirs, and in 1328 the rule of the Capetian dynasty ceased. On the throne, the representative of her younger branch, Philip VI Valois, ascended. The British King Edward III […]...
25. Moscow – the heart of the motherland Moscow is the heart of our Motherland. Everyone agrees with this, even the majority of St. Petersburgers, often referring to a certain jealousy of its capital status. Moscow is diverse and diverse – just like Russia itself. Here and noisy pedestrian Arbat with its artists, artists and souvenir sellers. This is a huge, noisy prospect […]...
26. In the beginning was the Word This biblical phrase says that first God pronounced the words, and then according to what was said, the earth’s firmament, water, etc., was formed. Hence, the Word was primary. This leads to reflections on the importance of language, speech, human words. No wonder they say that you can kill a word. But a word can […]...
27. Culture of North-Eastern Russia XIII-XV centuries Literacy in North-Eastern Russia in the XIII-XV centuries. Special distribution has not received. In the monasteries and at the prince’s court they copied books, which were beautifully decorated. Wrote on parchment or on birch bark – birch. In the XIV century. in Russia there was a cheap paper. Russian travelers described Constantinople, and the Tver […]...
28. Baptism of Russia In remote prehistoric times, the Slavs worshiped pagan gods, but at the end of the first millennium Christianity spread in Russia. Ancient manuscripts, which speak about the most important facts of history, or ancient chronicles, indicate that 988 is the year of the baptism of Rus. In Kiev, on a high mountain on the banks […]...
29. Monument to Alexander Pushkin in Moscow In Russian poetry there are a lot of poems in which the author himself assesses his creative heritage. Everyone knows the poem of Alexander Pushkin, in which the great poet had every reason to assert: I erected a monument to myself not made by hands, To him the folk path will not grow, Ascending above […]...
30. Moscow is capital of Russia 1. Give a description of the economic and geographical situation, population and economy of Moscow. What information sources will you need for this? Recall that the economic and geographical situation is the position of the object in relation to other objects of economic importance: to other countries, cities, transport routes, mineral deposits, ie, the location […]...
31. Moscow subway The Moscow Metro recently celebrated its 60th anniversary: ​​on May 15, 1935, a regular traffic was opened on the first metro line in Moscow. And now, by the end of the twentieth century, it is difficult for us to imagine how the capital could live without a subway. The Moscow metro is the pride and […]...
32. Temple-monument of Christ the Savior in Moscow The Church in Russia has always been something more than just a cult building. In the external appearance of Orthodox churches there was nothing accidental, and every detail had a special symbolic meaning. And the construction of churches in Russia also had its own characteristics. Often, churches were built to commemorate important historical events. Therefore, […]...
33. The End of the Hundred Years War and the Unification of France Joan of Arc gave her life for France for good reason. The French gradually liberated their country from the English invaders. Charles VII entered Paris. In 1453 the English owned only the city of Calais in France, but soon lost it. The longest war in European history ended in the victory of France. In France, […]...
34. Life as a genre of ancient Russian literature In the 11th-beginning of the 12th century, the first lives of Boris and Gleb’s life, the Life of Theodosius of Pechersky, and Antonius of Pechersky (to the present time is not preserved) are being created. Their writing was an important step in the ideological policy of the Russian state. At the time when these lives […]...
35. Biography of Vladimir Monomakh Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh – Grand Duke of Kiev, military commander. Vladimir Monomakh was born on May 26, 1053. His father was Vsevolod Yaroslavich. Even in his youth in his biography Vladimir Monomakh became Rostov prince. Then he ran Smolensk, later – Chernigov. After the death of Vsevolod, Yaroslavich yielded to the throne of Svyatopolk, his […]...
36. Public Administration and Society of North-Eastern Russia The most important institution of state government in Russia in the pre-Mongol period was the prince’s power. The prince was not only the supreme ruler of the country or the land, but also the legislative administrator of all local life. In the state administration, the boyars played an important role. They were noble, rich people […]...
37. Summary “Moscow 2042” Russian writer Vitaly Kartsev, who lives in Munich in 1982, gets the opportunity to be in Moscow in 2042. Preparing for the trip, he meets his classmate Bukashev Leszek, who made a career in the KGB line in the USSR and their meeting was not accidental, because Leshka knew about his interesting trip. In the […]...
38. Moscow is being built In the vicinity of Moscow there are forests and groves, where the neighborhood of the city is not felt at all, only large planes pass through their highways in the sky… Narrow forest paths converge on large roads. The roads approach the outskirts of the city. New quarters appear between thin white birches, between gray […]...
39. Russian language in my life The Russian language is the national, interstate language of the great people and our heritage. I am proud that I am a citizen of the Russian Federation, that I was born on our Russian soil. Russian language since my birth filled my life and is of great importance not only in my life, but in […]...
40. The Painting by Shcherbakov “Russia near Moscow” Boris Valentinovich Shcherbakov is a versatile Russian artist who created his works in the genres of portrait, landscapes and various thematic paintings. His landscape “Russia near Moscow” is one of the most famous works. Although the painting was written in 1977, its name conveys an invariable patriarchal way, when this image can be dated by […]...