In the east parallel to the coast of Australia stretches the Great Barrier Reef – a real wonder of the world. Small depths and warm water contributed to the development of a huge number of coral polyps. Among them live motley tropical fish, sea stars, oysters, crocodiles, pearl mussels, anemones. Large sea turtles lay eggs on the surface. Some reef islands have long been used as recreational areas. However, it is a sea-trap. The reef changes its shape all the time: corals grow, so any maps and data on the depth measurements quickly become obsolete. On many nautical charts, even to this day there are inscriptions: “Remains of a sunken ship,” “Navigation signs can be razed by storms,” etc. In Australia in 1872, the largest nugget of gold weighing 285 kg was found. Australia – one of the hottest continents of the Earth. In winter, the average air temperature does not fall below +10 … + 12 ° C, in summer it rises to +35 ° C. The highest
average annual air temperature on the continent and throughout the Southern Hemisphere was recorded in Northwest Australia. It was +29,1 ° С. The only river in Australia that does not dry out during the year is Murray, originating in the highest part of the Great Dividing Range. The length of the river is 2,570 km. Its name was given in honor of the State Secretary of the Colonial Office of George Murray. The river was opened in 1824 by a colonist named Hume, in honor of which it was first named. Murray has a tributary of Darling, which is longer than the main river and is the longest river in Australia. But during the drought, Darling splits into a series of standing ponds, not bringing water to the main river This tributary of Murray was discovered in 1829 and named in honor of the governor of the colony of New South Wales, Ralph Darling. Australia is the birthplace of eucalyptus. Here was found the highest tree on Earth -189 m in height. Unfortunately, it was not saved. The modern height of eucalyptus is 100 -155 m. The most ancient tree of the Earth is Australian macrocamia. It is believed that her age is 15 thousand
years! Kangaroo is the symbol of Australia. Individual animals reach 3 m in height and have a mass of up to 80 kg. At the same time, the body length of the newborn baby kangaroo is about 25 mm, and the mass is less than 1 g. Kenguryat grows in the bag of the female on the stomach for about another year. The image of the kangaroo and emus emus decorate the state emblem of Australia. When the stuffed duckbill was brought to Europe for the first time, no one believed that such an animal could actually exist. Considered, that swindlers brought the body of some beast, to the muzzle of which sewn a duck beak. It turned out that such an animal still lives in Australia on the coasts of rivers in deep holes, the entrance into which digs under the water. The body of the platypus 30-45 cm in length is covered with dark-brown fur. The animal weighs about 2 kg. It feeds on worms, mollusks, insects. Surprised Europeans and the fact that the platypus breeds, laying eggs with a leather shell. The female incubates once a year 1-2 eggs. The cubs are fed by milk. In Australia, less than 0.5% of the world’s population lives. This is the smallest number and density of the population among the continents of the earth, except for Antarctica, where there is no permanent population at all. The Ukrainian diaspora of Australia retains its national identity. In South Australia, the Museum of Ukrainian Art and the Australian-Ukrainian Society function in the city of Adelaide. The Ukrainian Catholic Church in Sydney was built the temple of St. Andrew, in Melbourne – the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul. In Sydney there are several ensembles of bandura players.
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