The Byzantines respectfully treated science, which they called “philosophy.” To her, they enumerated theology, mathematics, natural history, ethics, politics, grammar, rhetoric, dialectics, astronomy, music and jurisprudence. Byzantine theologians made a significant contribution to the development of the Orthodox faith. In doing so, they relied on ancient philosophy, using, unlike the European scholastics, the work not … Read more
Man during the Middle Ages was much closer to nature than we are now. However, it would be wrong to consider that the relationship between man and nature was harmonious. Nature often forced a man to feel his weakness. Reserves in the barn of a peasant or a feudal lord, on which their life depended, … Read more
Well-off Indians lived in spacious homes that had a bathroom and a restroom. The house was furnished with armchairs, beds, the floor was covered with mats, carpets, animal skins. The poor people huddled in reed huts. Male and female clothes were protozoa. At home everyone walked half-naked, people wore a long shirt and a cloak. … Read more
On the basis of several good schools there were universities. The first universities appeared in the XII century. in Bologna and Paris. Later, universities also appeared in other countries: Oxford and Cambridge in England, Salamansky in Spain, Prague in the Czech Republic, Krakowski in Poland, etc. At the end of the 15th century, in Europe … Read more
Over time, society developed, an increasingly prominent role in medieval life begins to play cities and, accordingly, artisans and merchants, who in the scheme of the medieval classes did not find a place. Subsequently, the townspeople were ranked in the third estate, the skeleton of which nevertheless was the peasantry. In the life of the … Read more
In the Middle Ages, people almost all their lives were associated with weapons. Freedom and honor, home and wealth were not simply protected by legal clauses. For many centuries, the destinies of people were resolved through fights, battles, uprisings, riots, conspiracies, tribal and personal conflicts. All this contributed to the intensive development of weapons business. … Read more
The Mongol invasion and the establishment of the Golden Horde yoke inflicted irreparable loss on the culture of Russia. Hundreds of talented artisans were killed and taken prisoner, which led to the decline of handicraft activities, and the crafts of individual species disappeared. Many architectural monuments were destroyed. Due to lack of funds and masters … Read more
Peninsula Arabia, an area of 3 million square meters. km, has long been populated by Arabs. The main territory of Arabia consists of deserts, semi-deserts and dry steppes. And only small plots of land are suitable for cultivation. Natural conditions have caused the division of Arabia into several regions, and its population – to sedentary … Read more
Moscow is the heart of Russia, the capital of a powerful state. Eight centuries have passed since the first time in the pages of the ancient Russian chronicle the name of Moscow was named. In 1147, the chronicler noted the meeting in Moscow of Vladimir-Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky with his allies – Chernigov princes. This … Read more
Italian scientists back in the XV century. introduced the term “Middle Ages” or “Middle Ages”. They considered the Middle Ages a difficult page in European history, its “dark era.” Like, then, the high achievements of the Greco-Roman civilization were lost – people became uncultured, cruel, destroyed each other in numerous wars, and in their political … Read more