Geography

1. What are the features of the similarities and differences between the natural zones of South America and Africa. You already know that distinguishing features of similarities and differences is a method of comparison. Carefully study the maps of the natural areas of South America and Africa. Performing task 2 after 42, you compared the … Read more

1. What are the characteristics of the geographical position of Africa? Features of the geographical location of the continent Africa is easy to establish by looking at the map. Africa is the only continent that is divided by the equator into almost equal parts. A significant territory of the continent is located between the North … Read more

Under the influence of human economic activity, the nature of North America has changed significantly. To preserve natural complexes in their pristine form, many reserves and national parks have been created. Of course, the pearl of North American nature is Yellowstone National Park, created in 1874, it is located at an altitude of about 2300 … Read more

Since the territory of Eurasia lies in all climatic zones of the Northern Hemisphere, all natural zones known on the planet were formed here. On the mainland, in contrast to North America, the latitude zonation of natural zones is more apparent, that is, their change from the equator to the poles. In addition, due to … Read more

In North America, the forest-steppe and steppe zones extend in the meridional direction from the taiga in the north to the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in the south. Here, west of the Mississippi, under conditions of a continental temperate and subtropical climate, precipitation falls less than in the east. Therefore, grassy vegetation predominates. … Read more

1. Identify the benefits of each mode of transport. Aviation and electronic transport are the fastest; Marine and pipeline have the lowest cost. River transport has a fairly low cost, in addition, it does not need to build special routes, so it is very important in Siberia and the Far East, where the transport network … Read more

Since the most ancient platforms in the relief correspond to flat areas, the relief of Australia is rather monotonous and similar to the relief of Africa. Here, too, the territory is mostly flat. The average height is only 215 m above sea level. In the west, within the shield, the plain is somewhat elevated and … Read more

1. What are the main properties of the atmosphere? The atmosphere is a necessary condition for the birth and existence of life on Earth. The air from which the atmosphere consists is necessary for breathing all living things. A person can not help breathing air even for 1 minute, and only prolonged workouts can extend … Read more

1. How does the relief of Eurasia differ from the relief of other continents? In Eurasia, as on all other continents, there are mountains and plains. Here are the highest mountains and the most extensive plains. From the plains and plateaus of North and Central Asia, the peninsulas of the South-West, South and South-East Eurasia … Read more

North America is completely located in the Northern and Western hemispheres, stretching almost 7 thousand km from north to south, has a heavily dissected coastline. Its closest neighboring continents are Eurasia and South America. The first of the Europeans reached the northern coasts of North America, the Normans in the 10th century, but information about … Read more

Antarctica was discovered by the last of the continents of the Earth. Even in ancient times, scientists guessed that in the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere there should be a large continent. His quest in his time led to the discovery of Australia, which was considered part of this continent. In the XVIII century. … Read more

1. Remember what functions are inherent in the capital city. Which of them has St. Petersburg preserved and continues to develop? By definition, the capital is the main city of the state, usually the seat of the highest state authorities, central institutions and departments. In some states of the capital are often allocated to an … Read more

The climate of Eurasia is very diverse. The north of the continent lies beyond the Arctic Circle, the southern parts – between the Southern Tropic and the equator. This determines the location of Eurasia in all thermal and climatic zones of the Earth. As in North America, with the progress from north to south, the … Read more

Specify the features of the interaction of nature and man. Man is a part of nature, differing from other representatives of the biosphere by his reason and social experience. Being engaged in economy, a person comes into conflict with nature, violates already established and stable links in ecosystems. At what level should environmental problems be … Read more

The existence of the Southern Earth can be read even in the works of ancient scientists who believed that the ratio of land and sea in the Northern and Southern hemispheres should be the same. Otherwise, the ancient sages thought, the balance will break and the Earth will be constantly facing the Sun with a … Read more

1. On the map of the administrative-territorial division of the Caucasus, consider the territory of the North Caucasus, find and show all the republics that make up the district. The North Caucasus includes 10 subjects of the Federation, including 7 republics: the Republic of Adygea, the Karachaevo-Cherkess Republic, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Republic of North … Read more

Australia is the driest continent of the world. Rainfall here is five times less than in Africa, and air temperatures are also high. This is due to the influence of a number of climate-forming factors. Australia receives a large amount of solar energy, because its territory extends in tropical latitudes. The northern part of the … Read more

1. Study the map, which industrial centers of the region have the most complete set of “typically Ural industries” – ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, machine building, etc. In which regions and republics of the Urals are observed their concentration? What territories are “falling out” from such a list? Which directions of the economy have received … Read more

Since the equator crosses Africa almost in the middle, the climatic zones are repeated on its territory twice: to the north and south from the equator. The equatorial climate belt covers the coast of the Gulf of Guinea and the basin of the Congo. It is also called the “eternal summer” belt. Here constantly high … Read more

The natural zone of tropical deserts and semi-deserts occupies 65% of Australia’s area and is located mainly in the west, in the center and south of the mainland in a tropical and subtropical continental climate. Soils are tropical desert, very saline and have a red color, which gives them iron oxide. Unlike the African deserts, … Read more

The world’s ocean is the largest part of the hydrosphere, it covers 71% of the earth’s surface. Conditionally it is divided into four oceans: Pacific, Atlantic. Indian. Arctic. In some countries of the world, the water area around Antarctica is singled out as the fifth – the Southern Ocean. Oceans, like the continents, are the … Read more

1. Lowland is also a plain. With the help of a physical map, give a proof that the relief of Western Siberia would be correctly called flat. What events of geological history explain the structure of its relief? According to the Geographical encyclopaedic dictionary, plains are relatively flat surfaces, sometimes significant in area, with small … Read more

Since North America is very elongated from north to south, there are great differences in the temperature characteristics of its northern and southern parts. This is due to the increase in the angle of incidence of the sun’s rays on the earth’s surface. So, in the north even in July the average temperatures do not … Read more

1. What areas of Russia are distinguished by the production of cars? Automotive industry concentrates in areas with an advantageous geographical position in relation to numerous enterprises-subcontractors-suppliers of component parts. As a rule, these are areas with a developed transport network and a high production culture: the Volga region, the Volga-Vyatka district, the plants in … Read more

In the most remote from the oceans parts of Central Asia and the Arabian Peninsula, where precipitation is a rarity, a zone of deserts and semideserts stretches. It lies in the continental climatic regions of temperate, subtropical and tropical belts. The largest deserts of the temperate zone are the Karakum, Kyzylkum, Takla-Makan and Gobi. Here, … Read more

1. Study the features of accommodation of cities in Central Russia. Where is their greatest concentration? Which parts of the area are the least urbanized? The location of the cities of Central Russia resembles the constellation of the Big Dipper: the largest cities form the “ladle” – Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Yaroslavl, and the southern … Read more

1. How has the significance of the European North changed in the Russian economy as it evolved? What is the reason for the reduction and strengthening of the role of the region in the economy of the state? The European North has long been a supplier of furs, salt and fish. From the end of … Read more

The relief depends on the structure of the earth’s crust, which was formed for a long time. Under the influence of internal and external processes, the main tectonic structures of Africa emerged and deposits of various minerals were formed to the origin. Covered 2-3 billion years ago, Africa’s high mountain systems under the influence of … Read more

“Geography of continents and oceans” is one of the most interesting courses in school geography. The diversity of the nature of the world, the journeys and adventures of the discoverers, the riddles of modern Earth exploration, the peculiarities of life and everyday life of the population of different countries – do not count all the … Read more

1. Determine the boundaries of individual parts of the Urals. How do they differ in height and location of mountain ranges? Along the Ural Mountains, alternating low and elevated areas are observed. Thus, in the Neogene-Quaternary time, the basement of this structure was wavyly bent, reviving already almost completely destroyed mountains. There was a crushing … Read more

1. What are the features of each of the groups of cards? Each group of cards has its own peculiarities. World maps and maps of the hemispheres, on which the whole world is depicted, are small-scale maps, the content of which is given in a generalized form. Maps of individual continents, oceans and their parts … Read more

1. Give examples of the diversity of nature in the United States. The nature of the US is extremely diverse. The climate varies from temperate in the north to tropical in the south. Natural areas are diverse in combinations of different animal species. Mountainous West and the Plain East differ in their natural landscapes. The … Read more

1. Geographers argue that the city-millionaires have an advantageous geographical position. Confirm this by analyzing the geographical location of Yekaterinburg and Perm or Perm and Chelyabinsk. These cities consistently arose in the beginning of the XVIII century, the first two – with the direct participation of the outstanding organizer of mining, the historian and geographer … Read more

The climate of South America is similar to the climate of other continents of tropical latitudes – Africa and Australia, although here the territories with dry climate are much smaller. By the amount of precipitation, no continent can compete with South America. All these features are determined by a number of climate-forming factors. Like other … Read more

Central Asia, remained for Europeans a continuous “white spot” in the middle of the XIX century. Petr Semenov-Tian-Shansky, Nikolai Przhevalsky, Pyotr Kozlov and others made a noteworthy contribution to the study of these inaccessible areas of the continent. The first scientific trip to the Tien Shan mountains was carried out in 1856-1857. Petr Semenov Tian-Shansky, … Read more

The geological structure of South America is connected with its relief. At first glance at the physical map of the continent, it can be divided into three parts: lowland – in the center, plateau – in the east, highland – in the west. Platforms on the east of the continent correspond to large plains. On … Read more

The savanna and sparse forest zone occupies the Guiana and Brazilian plateaus and the Orinoco lowlands. Here, as elsewhere in the subequatorial belt, there are dry and wet seasons. In savannas of the Northern Hemisphere, called Llanos, a longer rainy season. Therefore there are more trees here than in the savannas of the Southern Hemisphere, … Read more

Pollution of the World Ocean is a global problem of mankind. According to scientists, about 1.5 million tons of oil fall into the ocean annually. And 25 million tons is enough to cover the entire world ocean with a 0.1 mm thick oil film. This is very dangerous, because, as noted the famous navigator and … Read more

1. What natural complexes can be identified in Mongolia? On the territory of Mongolia, one can single out natural complexes of forest-steppes and steppes, deserts, and in the mountains – landscapes with high altitude zones, where mountain taiga and deciduous forests are replaced by alpine meadows. 2. Use the integrated map to determine the areas … Read more

In the fact that there are different natural complexes on land and in the Ocean, one can be convinced by realizing an imaginary journey along one of the meridians from north to south. Such a change of natural complexes can be traced on all continents. Its main cause on the plains is the change in … Read more

1. Which sectors of the economy were promoted by the natural resources of the Central District? As you may have noticed, the Central District is not rich in natural resources. In the area there have never been significant reserves of minerals that could determine the development of its economy. At the turn of the XIX … Read more

1. Highlight the most characteristic features of the nature of the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the oceans in terms of area; its nature is extremely diverse. This ocean is distinguished by its depth and age of formation, based on the hypothesis of the continental drift of A. Wegener. The relief … Read more

Further to the south a wide strip from the Cordillera to the coast of the Atlantic Ocean extends the taiga zone of the coniferous forest. Taiga also stretches a narrow strip along the Pacific coast in the north-west of the mainland. The climate of the taiga is moderate. In summer in these parts you can … Read more

1. What are the main features of the distribution of livestock sectors. Is the geography of animal husbandry different from the geography of plant growing? The distribution of commodity livestock production depends on two main factors: feed bases and large consumers. A significant part of the feeds is given by plant growing, so the geography … Read more

1. What impact on the nature of the Indian Ocean has its physical and geographical position? Features of the geographical position of the Indian Ocean are its relative closeness on three sides of the horizon. From the north is located Eurasia, in the west – Africa, and in the east – the Great Sunda Islands … Read more

1. Write a description of the relief of the island of Madagascar. In order to complete this task, you need to use the plan for describing the terrain. It is important not to confuse the plan for describing the terrain of the territory with a plan for describing the shape of the relief. What is … Read more

The coast of Africa is poorly dissected, there are almost no convenient natural bays for porting. This is due to the peculiarities of the formation of the continent. Near the coast of Africa there are few islands. The largest of these is Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. The island has a continental origin. It arose … Read more

1. Look at the physical map and find the physical and geographical objects that determine the natural appearance of the area. The image of the district is defined by three rivers, two of which gave the name to the district, and the third is the one located between them – Vetluga. On the territory of … Read more

The continents of South and North America form a single part of oppression. The northern part of South America crosses the equator, the middle part – the Southern Tropic, and the southern part of the continent reaches 54 ° S. extending into temperate latitudes. Part of the world America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in … Read more

For a long time, the nature of the Earth was able to overcome the negative effects of various types of pollution by self-purification. But from the second half of XX century. the amount of waste and hazardous substances that enter the environment is rapidly increasing, so the natural complexes of continents and oceans no longer … Read more