Geographical position of Antarctica. Discovery and research

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1. Antarctica and Antarctica. The physico-geographical position of the continent and its coastline Physico-geographical position of the continent. Features of the nature of Antarctica are due to the unusual nature of its location on our planet. Almost all of it is located to the south of the Southern Arctic Circle. Only a small part of the continent goes beyond it. Therefore, there is a polar night and a […]...
2. The geographical position of Africa, its research 1. What are the characteristics of the geographical position of Africa? Features of the geographical location of the continent Africa is easy to establish by looking at the map. Africa is the only continent that is divided by the equator into almost equal parts. A significant territory of the continent is located between the North […]...
3. General information about Antarctica The land area is 14 million km2. The population is not permanent. The highest point above sea level is the Vinson massif. The average thickness of the ice cover is -2000 m. The largest island is Berkner. The lowest temperature is -892 ° С. Number of states with scientific research stations -18. The number of […]...
4. The discovery and the first studies of Antarctica Antarctica was discovered by the last of the continents of the Earth. Even in ancient times, scientists guessed that in the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere there should be a large continent. His quest in his time led to the discovery of Australia, which was considered part of this continent. In the XVIII century. […]...
5. Basic facts on the topic “Antarctica” The physico-geographical position of Antarctica is determined by its location around the South Pole within the Southern Arctic Circle. Therefore Antarctica is the coldest continent on Earth. Antarctica was opened in 1820 by a Russian expedition led by Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The members of the Norwegian expedition led by Rual Amundsen reached the […]...
6. Modern studies of Antarctica In the first half of the XX century. The studies of Antarctica were episodic and were limited to individual expeditions. But from the second half of the 50’s. Regular surveys of the continent began at polar stations, which conduct a variety of scientific observations. The result of their work was the first atlas of Antarctica, […]...
7. Geographical position of North America. History of discovery and exploration of the continent 1. On which components of nature are the most clearly reflected features of the geographical location of North America? The peculiarities of the geographical location of North America most clearly reflect on such natural components as soils, vegetation and fauna. Compare the nature of the Canadian Arctic archipelago and the central regions of Mexico, and […]...
8. Geographical position of South America 1. Which of these continents should be more diverse? Why? One of the main factors determining the diversity of nature is the size of the continent. It can be assumed that the larger the territory, the more diverse it is. In addition to size, the diversity of nature is affected by the shape of the […]...
9. Geographical position of Australia. The history of the discovery. Relief and minerals 1. Tell us about the main stages of the discovery of Australia. Here you need to talk about the research of the Dutch traveler Abel Tasman and the English navigator James Cook. At different times they discovered different parts of the coast of Australia. It was proved that Australia is a separate continent entirely in […]...
10. Interesting facts about “Antarctica” The existence of the Southern Earth can be read even in the works of ancient scientists who believed that the ratio of land and sea in the Northern and Southern hemispheres should be the same. Otherwise, the ancient sages thought, the balance will break and the Earth will be constantly facing the Sun with a […]...
11. Nature of Antarctica 1. What are the features of the relief of Antarctica? The nature of Antarctica is not rich and unique. The continent consists of two layers – the surface of the continent and the glacial layer, the average thickness of which is 2000 km. Imagine 40 16-story buildings set against each other! Such a glacial cap […]...
12. The climate of Antarctica The climate of Antarctica is the coldest and harsh on the globe. This is primarily determined by the geographic position of the continent and a significant height above sea level. In the central part of the city there is Polar Day, half a year – Polar Night. During the Polar day, the sun does not […]...
13. The structure of the earth’s crust and the subglacial relief of Antarctica The structure of the earth’s crust. In the middle of XX century. among scientists there were discussions about what is hidden under the glacial armor of Antarctica: the ocean, the archipelago or the continuous continent. The final answer was given by studies of the earth’s crust. So it was established that the Earth’s crust of […]...
14. From the history of discovery and research in North America Long before the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, Normans visited the inhabitants of the Scandinavian Peninsula. In the X century. they led Eirik Raudi from the island of Iceland set off across the expanses of the ocean to the west and reached an unknown land – the island of Greenland. A thousand years ago, […]...
15. Methods of geographical research of the Earth Although mankind has accumulated a lot of knowledge about the Earth, however, many phenomena and processes occurring on it have not been sufficiently studied. It is not always possible, for example, to envisage the consequences of the influence of economic activity on nature or to warn about an impending earthquake. Therefore, scientists continue to explore […]...
16. Geographical position and nature of the European North 1. Highlight the main features of the geographical location of the European North. The main features of the geographical location of the European North are: Exit to the White and nonfreezing Barents Sea; Neighborhood with economically developed, but poorly provided fuel and raw materials resources of the North-West, Central and Volga-Vyatka regions; The northern position, […]...
17. Painting by Aivazovsky “Ice mountains in Antarctica” The painting “Ice mountains in Antarctica” was written by IK Aivazovsky in 1870. The development of democratic ideas, critical realism in Russian art and painting had an impact on the work of the great seascapes painter. In place of the romantic mood of the painter came a more objective view of the landscape. “Ice Mountains […]...
18. Basic facts on the topic “Physiographic location, discovery, study and relief of Eurasia” The physiographic position of Eurasia is determined by its size, a large extent from west to east and from north to south. Eurasia lies in all climatic belts of the Earth. It is the only continent that is washed by the waters of all four oceans. The coastline of the continent is strongly dissected, there […]...
19. Physical and geographical location of Africa Africa is the continent of heat, impenetrable thickets of equatorial forests, huge savannas and endless deserts. The uniqueness of nature is determined by the peculiarities of the location of Africa on our planet, that is, its physical and geographical position. Physico-geographical position – the location of the territory with respect to a variety of natural […]...
20. The history of discovery and exploration of South America Genoese sailor Christopher Columbus, having received the consent of the Spanish king, went to seek a sea route to India. In 1492 an expedition on three ships set off across the Atlantic Ocean to the west. On day 70, the sailors of Columbus saw the earth. So America was discovered. After the first voyage, Columbus […]...
21. Geographical position and nature of the North-West of Russia 1. Show on the map the states with access to the Baltic Sea. Which of them are Russia’s neighbors on land, at sea? The states that have access to the Baltic Sea are often called the Baltic States. They are easier to remember, if you list from the north clockwise, looking at the political map […]...
22. Influence of geographical latitude on the climate of Eurasia The climate of Eurasia is very diverse. The north of the continent lies beyond the Arctic Circle, the southern parts – between the Southern Tropic and the equator. This determines the location of Eurasia in all thermal and climatic zones of the Earth. As in North America, with the progress from north to south, the […]...
23. The Organic World of Antarctica The vegetation and fauna of Antarctica are distinguished by their exceptional poverty and originality. Most of the territory of Antarctica lies within the natural zone of the Antarctic deserts. Here scant vegetation is concentrated only in oases. In summer, their stone surface is heated by the sun and warms the surrounding air. Therefore here grow […]...
24. What is the discovery? Composition on the fragment of V. Krapivin’s story “Stars in the Rain”. Option 1 Opening is a new achievement, made unexpectedly or as a result of observations. This is a find in some area of ​​knowledge, a previously unknown fact or a new pattern. In the text of V. Krapivin, the discovery is made by […]...
25. Arctic Ocean 1. What is the peculiarity of the geographic location of the Arctic Ocean? How does it affect its nature? The peculiarity of the geographic location of the Arctic Ocean lies in its name. This is the northernmost of the oceans. A significant part of it is covered with thick ice that does not melt throughout […]...
26. Geographical location of Australia The uniqueness of the nature of Australia is associated with the peculiarities of its physical and geographical situation. Australia, unlike Africa, is completely located in the Southern Hemisphere relative to the equator. This explains why in its territory “everything is the opposite” in comparison with our Northern Hemisphere. In January, here is the middle of […]...
27. History of the discovery and settlement of Australia Surprisingly, the name of the continent arose long before its discovery. Even ancient geographers were sure that in the southern latitudes there is “Unknown Southern Earth”. It was long sought by Europeans even in those days when America was already open. The first on the west coast of the Cape York peninsula landed in 1606, […]...
28. Research in Central Asia Central Asia, remained for Europeans a continuous “white spot” in the middle of the XIX century. Petr Semenov-Tian-Shansky, Nikolai Przhevalsky, Pyotr Kozlov and others made a noteworthy contribution to the study of these inaccessible areas of the continent. The first scientific trip to the Tien Shan mountains was carried out in 1856-1857. Petr Semenov Tian-Shansky, […]...
29. Sources of geographical knowledge. Maps of continents and oceans Knowledge of the Earth did not arise suddenly. They accumulated for thousands of years in many countries, ranging from Sumer and Egypt. Especially the geographical knowledge expanded after the voyages of X. Columbus and F. Magellan, that is, in the era of the Great geographical discoveries. Researchers described the nature of new lands, living conditions […]...
30. Geographical location and nature of the Urals 1. Determine the boundaries of individual parts of the Urals. How do they differ in height and location of mountain ranges? Along the Ural Mountains, alternating low and elevated areas are observed. Thus, in the Neogene-Quaternary time, the basement of this structure was wavyly bent, reviving already almost completely destroyed mountains. There was a crushing […]...
31. The physiographic location of South America South America together with the North form a single part of the world – America. South America, like Africa, is crossed by the equator, so it is located simultaneously in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. But unlike Africa, most of the continent lies south of the equator. Consequently, like in Australia, in most of […]...
32. Central Russia: composition, geographical location 1. What economic regions are part of Central Russia? What do you think are the conditions that underlie the division of Central Russia into the Central, Central Black Earth and Volga-Vyatka regions? In Central Russia, there are 3 economic regions: Central, Central Black Earth and Volga-Vyatka. Their natural differences are underlined even in the names: […]...
33. Plan for the study of the continent Physico-geographical position: the area of ​​the continent, its location relative to the equator, the zero meridian, the tropics and polar circles, seas and oceans, other continents; extreme points; the length of the continent from north to south and from west to east. History of discovery and exploration of the continent. The structure of the earth’s […]...
34. The development of internal parts of Africa The study of the interior territories of Africa began only with the XIX century. European countries in search of new markets for their goods and cheap sources of raw materials for their industry, seized all new territories. The most famous researcher of the interior territories of Africa is considered to be the English missionary David […]...
35. The influence of atmospheric circulation on the climate of Eurasia The climate of the continent is affected by the constant movement of air due to the formation of areas of high and low atmospheric pressure, especially the western transport – the constant wind of temperate latitudes. From the area of ​​high pressure over the Atlantic Ocean, it brings moist sea air to the continent. Marine […]...
36. Arctic Seas 1. How does the nature of the Arctic seas vary from west to east? The nature of the Arctic seas is harsh and unfriendly, they are covered with ice for most of the year. From the west to the east the seas become colder. If the influence of the Atlantic is still felt in the […]...
37. Forming the climate of South America The climate of South America is similar to the climate of other continents of tropical latitudes – Africa and Australia, although here the territories with dry climate are much smaller. By the amount of precipitation, no continent can compete with South America. All these features are determined by a number of climate-forming factors. Like other […]...
38. The structure of the earth’s crust of South America As a result of the split of Gondwana 180 million years ago, South America separated from Africa and began to move westward. So there was the South American lithospheric plate. Thus, at the heart of South America is the “remnant” of Gondwana – the ancient South American platform, occupying the entire eastern part of the […]...
39. General ideas about the surface of the Earth The surface area of ​​the globe is 510 million km2. Most of it is 361 million km2 – is occupied by the World Ocean, and on the land there are 149 million km2 of area. So, the oceans and continents are the largest natural complexes within the geographical envelope of our planet. The world’s ocean […]...
40. Space exploration The first steps in space exploration were made in the early 30-ies of the century in the works of the founder of astronautics of the Russian scientist Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, who said: “Impossible today will be possible tomorrow.” These words turned out to be prophetic. October 4, 1957 in the USSR was launched the world’s […]...