Basic dates and facts on the history of the Middle Ages

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1. Clergy in the Middle AgesMedieval man was deeply convinced that the most important thing in his life was a relationship with God, and care for the salvation of the souls of Christians was just the responsibility of the clergy. Therefore, an exceptionally important, much more weighty, than fulfilling any other duties, was God’s belonging to a spiritual dignity. The […]…
2. The Gupta Empire in medieval IndiaAt the dawn of the Middle Ages, India was divided into many small countries of the most diverse type. The boundaries between them changed even faster than the dynasties and ruling rajas. In North India, a large state association, Magadha, was formed. It occupied the middle reaches of the Ganges River. The rise of the […]…
3. Culture of medieval IndiaIn medieval India, natural sciences developed, especially mathematics, astronomy, medicine. The Indians are the creators of the “Arabic numerals”, which all mathematicians now use. Our school arithmetic is also of Indian origin. Long-standing Indian methods of healing with medicinal herbs are studied by modern medics. Sanskrit-speaking literature developed. Lyrical works and plays of the great […]…
4. Development of knowledge in the Middle Ages. AlchemyUntil the XIII century. Europeans drew knowledge mainly from the Bible and ordinary observations. This knowledge was not backed by experience, so it was often fantastic. For example, the world was represented to man in the form of three whales, which hold the Earth, inhabited by pesigolovtsami and other monsters. We thought that the “heavenly […]…
5. Development of Russian culture in the 14th-15th centuriesThe Mongol invasion and the establishment of the Golden Horde yoke inflicted irreparable loss on the culture of Russia. Hundreds of talented artisans were killed and taken prisoner, which led to the decline of handicraft activities, and the crafts of individual species disappeared. Many architectural monuments were destroyed. Due to lack of funds and masters […]…
6. Ukrainian village in the 18th – 19th centuriesWhat was the Ukrainian village in the 18th – first half of the 19th century? The life of Ukrainian peasants has not changed since the previous times. As before, villages were founded near rivers and lakes, forming streets, on both sides of which were huts and vegetable gardens. The appearance and interior decoration of the […]…
7. What do the chronicles tell about?The most authoritative and well-known sources on the history of Kievan Rus, which help historians to restore the course of events of the past, are Chronicles. You already know that the so-called works in which the events were recorded successively for years, “from summer to summer.” Chroniclers covered, for the most part, the deeds of […]…
8. War of the Roses and the White Rose. The Civil War of 1455-1485Of course, it was not the flowers that caused the terrible bloodshed in England at the end of the Middle Ages. In the Civil War of 1455-1485. The country was involved in two influential noble families – York and Lancaster. The coat of arms of York was adorned with a white rose, the coat of […]…
9. Monarchy, kings. CharlemagneSettled on the territory of the Roman Empire, the Germans found there a more perfect than theirs, the state system, their leaders liked the powerful power of the emperors. But the German kings, future kings, could not immediately abandon the people’s congregation and the council of elders. To create a state with strong power, the […]…
10. The origin of art in medieval Europe. Cultural centersMedieval cities became the cultural centers of Europe. Urban literature – verse novels, fables, rude jokes, etc. – amazed with its spontaneity and truthful portrayal of emotional experiences. She ridiculed greed and ignorance of the clergy, arrogance of nobles, other vices of society. Her favorite character was not a knight in love, but a cheerful […]…