Culture of medieval India

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1. Science and culture of medieval India In the Middle Ages in India favorable conditions were created for the development of education and science, in particular mathematics, astronomy, medicine. Indian mathematicians used the original decimal system of accounts, which with the Arabs subsequently fell into Europe. Hence the name – the Arabic numbers of the High level reached astronomy. Scientists have learned […]...
2. Religious life and customs of medieval India At the beginning of our era, Buddhism in India is declining. During the VIII-XII centuries. Hinduism comes to replace it, That has established itself as a state religion. Among the many gods in Hinduism, the most respected are Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. They constitute the “Trimurti” – the triad of the main gods. In the […]...
3. The Gupta Empire in medieval India At the dawn of the Middle Ages, India was divided into many small countries of the most diverse type. The boundaries between them changed even faster than the dynasties and ruling rajas. In North India, a large state association, Magadha, was formed. It occupied the middle reaches of the Ganges River. The rise of the […]...
4. Caste system in medieval India Even the oldest Indians were divided into four Varna: brahmanas, kshatriyas, vaisyas and sudras. Everyone was respected depending on which of the varna he belonged to. The one who did not belong to any of the varnas was considered “untouchable” and treated worse than with the cattle. In the Middle Ages, varna began to split […]...
5. Castes and communities in medieval India In ancient times in India there was a division of society into four varnas. These are brahmanas, ksatriyas, vaisyas and sudras. At the beginning of our era in the organization of varnas there are significant changes. Each varna began to be divided into higher and lower castes. The most deprived of the lower caste were […]...
6. Daily life, customs and traditions of medieval India Well-off Indians lived in spacious homes that had a bathroom and a restroom. The house was furnished with armchairs, beds, the floor was covered with mats, carpets, animal skins. The poor people huddled in reed huts. Male and female clothes were protozoa. At home everyone walked half-naked, people wore a long shirt and a cloak. […]...
7. Slavs in medieval Europe. The influence of Byzantium on the Slavic culture An important role in the history of medieval Europe was played by the Slavs. They settled in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and were divided into western, eastern and southern. Slavic tribes lived during their stay and in the north of Europe – in the basin of the river. Laba, and on the Baltic coast. […]...
8. City culture of medieval Europe In medieval cities, a democratic secular culture was born and formed, closely related to folk art. Most brightly it manifested itself in the urban literature created by the national language, not Latin. From time immemorial, amusing entertaining stories, fables, parables were popular among the people, which were literally processed during the heyday of the cities. […]...
9. Categories of medieval culture The first edition of the “Categories of Medieval Culture” was published in 1972. The book was translated into Hungarian, Polish, Czech, German (in the GDR and West Germany), French, Italian and English and evoked a response in the form of numerous reviews in the domestic and foreign press. I was particularly pleased with the interest […]...
10. Religion and culture of medieval China In the middle of the 1st millennium BC. e. among the Chinese leaders Buddhism spread. The common people preferred Taoism – a religion that upheld equality, condemned the craving for power, wealth and glory, promised immortality. But the most influential in the country was Confucianism, which turned into a kind of religion. The Chinese sought, […]...
11. Hinduism is the religion of India In medieval India, Buddhism gave way to a much simpler and more accessible religion – Hinduism. Why did this happen? First of all, because Buddhism denied caste inequality and thus came into conflict with the whole of Indian reality. Hinduism is at the same time a religion and a great many religions. There are hundreds […]...
12. Religious life and culture of medieval China Since the beginning of the Middle Ages, Buddhism is spreading in China. In the VI. it becomes the state religion. It was the early Middle Ages that became the period of the establishment of Buddhism, which had a tremendous impact on the development of Chinese philosophy, literature and art. Buddhism absorbed local rites and the […]...
13. Main events, facts and facts on the topic “India. China” in the tables The states of China in the Middle Ages Sui Dynasty Construction of the Grand Canal; An attempt to unite China. Tang Dynasty Administrative reform; Insurrection of the peasants. The Age of “Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms” Song Dynasty Unification of China; 1234 – the conquest of China by the Mongols Yuan Dynasty Accession of Tibet; […]...
14. India – “The country of a thousand miracles.” Delhi Sultanate. The Mughal Empire At the end of the old – the beginning of a new era, India was repeatedly conquered by strangers. A huge country was inhabited by a great many peoples and tribes, so it was difficult to unite it to repel invaders. Political fragmentation contributed to the fact that the local nobility cared more for their […]...
15. Summary of Banabhatta Banabhatta (Hindi Ba? Abha?? a or Bana, Hindi Bana; 7th century) is an ancient Indian Sanskrit poet. He was “Asthana Kavi” (court poet) in the court of King Harsavadhana, who reigned from approx. 606 to 647 years in Northern India. The main work of Bana includes the biography of Harshi – Harscharita, one of the […]...
16. Culture of the Arab world of the Middle Ages The culture of the countries of the caliphate is predominantly called the Arab one. This is not entirely correct, because it also included the culture of the Syrians, the Egyptians, the Iranians, the peoples of Central Asia. However, the language of this culture was Arabic, and the unifying element was Islam. In addition, the Arabs […]...
17. Culture and art of the Arab world in the Middle Ages Not only the Arabs, but also other peoples of the Caliphate who took up Islam, the Arabic language and writing took part in the formation of Arab culture. Successfully developed in the Arab world natural sciences: mathematics, astronomy, geography, medicine. Arab mathematicians have created algebra. In Baghdad and Damascus already in the IX. there were […]...
18. Composing a culture of speech To date, the problem of the culture of speech is very urgent and very urgent for modern society. The appearance in the Russian language of a lot of foreign words, sometimes not quite decent, “litter” the purity and depth of feelings that can be conveyed with his help. For a long time the word was […]...
19. European culture of the early Middle Ages At the heart of medieval culture is a combination of ancient heritage and traditions of barbarian peoples. Christianity fell by force, which managed to unite them. At the turn of the V-VI centuries. the center of cultural and spiritual development was the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy. The outstanding personality of the “Ost-Goth Revival” was the […]...
20. Byzantine culture Over the centuries, Byzantines have created a vivid and diverse culture that has become a kind of bridge between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. This was facilitated by the education system in the country. Children started to study at the age of 6-9. For two or three years they learned to read through church books, […]...
21. The appearance of medieval towns In the X-XIII centuries. in Europe, like mushrooms after the rain, cities grew – special, not similar to the Roman, or, even more so, modern. First they appeared in Italy, later – in Southern France, even later – in the north of France, in the Netherlands, England, Germany, the countries of Scandinavia, Ireland, Hungary, the […]...
22. Schools of medieval Europe The first educational institutions of the Middle Ages were monastery, parafial and cathedral schools. However, they usually taught only one teacher, or a master, as his contemporaries called it. He passed the entire course of study with every schoolboy. In schools, students studied “seven free arts.” It was a system of objects, from two levels. […]...
23. Architecture and art of medieval Europe. Romance and Gothic styles At the beginning of the Middle Ages, construction was so launched that the then masters were forced to study the architectural achievements of the ancient Romans. As a consequence, in the X century. Romanian architectural style begins to form in Western Europe. This was the first pan-European style that spread in the 11th-12th centuries. Christians […]...
24. The origin of art in medieval Europe. Cultural centers Medieval cities became the cultural centers of Europe. Urban literature – verse novels, fables, rude jokes, etc. – amazed with its spontaneity and truthful portrayal of emotional experiences. She ridiculed greed and ignorance of the clergy, arrogance of nobles, other vices of society. Her favorite character was not a knight in love, but a cheerful […]...
25. Composition on the theme “Culture and civilization” After all, they describe the majority of what a modern person observes around him, living in a technically advanced information society. Cinemas and culinary sites on the Internet, the rules of behavior in society and the technology of aircraft production. Only under culture, an ordinary person most often understands something from the field of art […]...
26. Life and leisure of citizens in medieval Europe. Burgers In the life of the urban lower classes, the features of peasant life and customs were preserved. Another thing – the life of rich burghers. The burghers increasingly preferred comfort and luxury, but did not show them off. Their houses they furnished with solid furniture. The life of a rich burgher hardly differed from the […]...
27. Culture of Kievan Rus The history of culture of Kievan Rus covers several centuries. The Eastern Slavs were in the political union a little less than three hundred years. However, it was during this period that their spiritual community was formed. This community still has considerable influence on the East Slavic peoples, standing apart from other Slavs and traditionally […]...
28. The main events, information and facts on the theme “The birth of the medieval world, the features of its development” in the tables Historical sources: Written Real Ethnographic The Frankish Kingdom: 481-486 years. – the unification of the Salic Franks by Clovis from the Merovingian dynasty; mazhordomas and “lazy kings”; 486 – the Battle of Soissons; About 498 AD – the baptism of Clovis; 768-814 years. – Charlemagne; 843 – Verdun Treaty – the collapse of the empire […]...
29. House in medieval Europe. Description The medieval people lived in houses that lacked the conveniences that were usual for us. In the cold season, they were heated with a fire, the smoke from which came out either through a hood over the fireplace, or through windows and a hole in the roof. Expensive glass was used almost exclusively in church […]...
30. Culture of North-Eastern Russia XIII-XV centuries Literacy in North-Eastern Russia in the XIII-XV centuries. Special distribution has not received. In the monasteries and at the prince’s court they copied books, which were beautifully decorated. Wrote on parchment or on birch bark – birch. In the XIV century. in Russia there was a cheap paper. Russian travelers described Constantinople, and the Tver […]...
31. Heroic epos and knightly culture of the Middle Ages At the end of the early Middle Ages, the first records of the heroic epic appear, which previously existed only in oral recounts. Heroes of folk tales were mostly warriors who bravely defended their land and people. In these works, two worlds interwoven: real and fairy. Heroes often won with the help of magic powers. […]...
32. Legacy of the Middle Ages People study the past in order to better understand the present, make fewer annoying mistakes and, as far as possible, foresee the future. But does the Middle Ages have any relation to the present? It turns out, has, and the most direct. It was in the Middle Ages that modern states and peoples appeared in […]...
33. The role of religion and church in the life of medieval Europe In the life of the peoples of medieval Europe, the church played an exceptionally important role. She defined the life of a person from his birth to death, “kept him in constant fear for the fate of his soul after death.” Under the control of the church were not only the lower social classes, but […]...
34. Perception of the world by a medieval man The perception of the world by a medieval man was significantly different from ours. The man did not feel himself to be a citizen of the universe, he lacked the nearest environment, and everything else seemed alien and hostile. He determined the time approximately, according to the sun or by the rooster’s singing, and did […]...
35. Food and drink in medieval Europe Food in the Middle Ages was fairly monotonous. Simple people – peasants and artisans – often ate rye bread, porridge, beans, turnips, cabbage or cereals, seasoned with onion and garlic. Traditional daily drinks were tinctures of forest berries, herbs, beer and wine. Meat spruce is rare, mainly for holidays. Occasionally used and dairy products. Quite […]...
36. What is Culture? In today’s world, people are judged not only by what they do, but how they do it. Life in society is impossible without everyday contacts and meetings, so relationships depend on how people behave and relate to each other. Human relationships and communication skills are important. That’s why, along with education, people should develop in […]...
37. Entertainment and leisure for children in medieval Europe In the folk festivals – for example, noisy processions of mummers – children took part. But there were boys and girls and their children’s games and entertainment, which are partly preserved to this day. The girls played with dolls. The boys preferred mobile games, especially the game of knights and squires. So they prepared themselves […]...
38. Transport and communications in medieval Europe Although the royal authority also cared about the construction of roads, without which it was impossible to reliably manage the state, the road network in medieval Europe was disgusting. Cobbled roads were a rarity. The majority of the roads of that time are ordinary paths traversed through fields and meadows and laid in forest thickets. […]...
39. Craft in the medieval city. Workshops The economic basis of the West European medieval city was the craft. Craftsmen of one or several related professions united in workshops. Several reasons contributed to this: first, it was easier for artisans to defend themselves against the willfulness of the feudal lords; secondly, the workshops had more opportunities to combat the competition of newcomers […]...
40. Technical and engineering achievements of medieval Europe The world of things surrounded by a medieval man was created primarily by hand. The technique was introduced slowly, first in handicraft production – thanks to the appearance of cities and the development of metallurgy. It was in the manufacturing industry that the first mechanisms appeared, which were set in motion either by the man […]...