The structure and properties of the geographical shell

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1. Geographic patterns 1. What are the specific patterns of location on the Earth: a) temperatures; b) precipitation; c) plants and animals. The patterns of location on Earth of temperatures, precipitation, plants and animals are associated with the geographical law of zoning. When moving from the equator to the poles, the conditions for obtaining heat and moisture by […]...
2. Zone and azonal natural complexes of the Earth It is impossible to understand the world around us, studying only its separate parts. In nature, everything is interconnected, woven into one whole by thousands of visible and invisible threads. Unravel this tangle and understand the unity of air, water, soil, plants and animals, see the harmony in this, at first glance, chaos and trying […]...
3. World Ocean The world’s ocean is the largest part of the hydrosphere, it covers 71% of the earth’s surface. Conditionally it is divided into four oceans: Pacific, Atlantic. Indian. Arctic. In some countries of the world, the water area around Antarctica is singled out as the fifth – the Southern Ocean. Oceans, like the continents, are the […]...
4. Relation between the forms of the Earth relief and the structure of the lithosphere The lithosphere is the hard shell of the Earth, consisting of the earth’s crust and the upper layer of the mantle. Forty years ago, a scientific theory of lithospheric plates arose. According to this theory, the lithosphere is broken by giant cracks into separate blocks – lithospheric plates. The boundaries of the plates pass along […]...
5. Geographical position of North America. History of discovery and exploration of the continent 1. On which components of nature are the most clearly reflected features of the geographical location of North America? The peculiarities of the geographical location of North America most clearly reflect on such natural components as soils, vegetation and fauna. Compare the nature of the Canadian Arctic archipelago and the central regions of Mexico, and […]...
6. The geographical position of Africa, its research 1. What are the characteristics of the geographical position of Africa? Features of the geographical location of the continent Africa is easy to establish by looking at the map. Africa is the only continent that is divided by the equator into almost equal parts. A significant territory of the continent is located between the North […]...
7. Methods of geographical research of the Earth Although mankind has accumulated a lot of knowledge about the Earth, however, many phenomena and processes occurring on it have not been sufficiently studied. It is not always possible, for example, to envisage the consequences of the influence of economic activity on nature or to warn about an impending earthquake. Therefore, scientists continue to explore […]...
8. Sources of geographical knowledge. Maps of continents and oceans Knowledge of the Earth did not arise suddenly. They accumulated for thousands of years in many countries, ranging from Sumer and Egypt. Especially the geographical knowledge expanded after the voyages of X. Columbus and F. Magellan, that is, in the era of the Great geographical discoveries. Researchers described the nature of new lands, living conditions […]...
9. The importance of natural conditions and natural resources for the existence of mankind A person’s life outside nature is impossible. To ensure its existence, human society uses both natural and natural conditions. The natural conditions include the components of nature that affect the life and economic activities of the population. First of all, it concerns climate and relief. It is the climatic conditions that make it possible to […]...
10. Natural zoning 1. Natural complexes are very diverse. Which of them are called natural zones? The natural complex of land, as well as the complex of the geographical envelope as a whole, is a heterogeneous formation and includes natural complexes of lower ranks that differ in the quality of the components of the complex of natural components. […]...
11. Composition on the theme of Man and the Biosphere Man is an element of the biosphere. All natural resources of the planet predetermine the possibility of human life and are the basis of its material production. Population growth, the development of science and technology, led to the fact that human activity has become an important factor in the development of the biosphere. Under the […]...
12. Geographical position of South America 1. Which of these continents should be more diverse? Why? One of the main factors determining the diversity of nature is the size of the continent. It can be assumed that the larger the territory, the more diverse it is. In addition to size, the diversity of nature is affected by the shape of the […]...
13. Types of protected areas The nature protection objects include: nature reserves, national nature parks, sanctuaries, nature monuments, etc. Their total area in the world is more than 4.5 million km2, or 3% of the land area. Specific scientific research institutions in which natural complexes are protected and explored are reserves. The territory of reserves is completely excluded from economic […]...
14. Physical and geographical location of Africa Africa is the continent of heat, impenetrable thickets of equatorial forests, huge savannas and endless deserts. The uniqueness of nature is determined by the peculiarities of the location of Africa on our planet, that is, its physical and geographical position. Physico-geographical position – the location of the territory with respect to a variety of natural […]...
15. Central Russia: composition, geographical location 1. What economic regions are part of Central Russia? What do you think are the conditions that underlie the division of Central Russia into the Central, Central Black Earth and Volga-Vyatka regions? In Central Russia, there are 3 economic regions: Central, Central Black Earth and Volga-Vyatka. Their natural differences are underlined even in the names: […]...
16. Regularities of the change of natural complexes of land and ocean In the fact that there are different natural complexes on land and in the Ocean, one can be convinced by realizing an imaginary journey along one of the meridians from north to south. Such a change of natural complexes can be traced on all continents. Its main cause on the plains is the change in […]...
17. Geographical position and nature of the European North 1. Highlight the main features of the geographical location of the European North. The main features of the geographical location of the European North are: Exit to the White and nonfreezing Barents Sea; Neighborhood with economically developed, but poorly provided fuel and raw materials resources of the North-West, Central and Volga-Vyatka regions; The northern position, […]...
18. Climate, properties of water masses and the organic world of the Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean extends in all climatic zones, therefore the climate of its open spaces is quite diverse. Most of the ocean is in tropical and temperate latitudes. Climatic conditions here define the trade winds and the western winds. The strongest winds reach the temperate latitudes of the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean. Because […]...
19. Natural areas of Eurasia 1. What is the law of natural zoning in the territory of Eurasia? This geographical law in the territory of Eurasia is most clearly manifested in the sequence of alternation of natural zones. One natural zone replaces another when moving from north to south. 2. It is known that in the forests more vegetative mass […]...
20. Geographical location of Australia The uniqueness of the nature of Australia is associated with the peculiarities of its physical and geographical situation. Australia, unlike Africa, is completely located in the Southern Hemisphere relative to the equator. This explains why in its territory “everything is the opposite” in comparison with our Northern Hemisphere. In January, here is the middle of […]...
21. The negative influence of man on nature Due to the increase in the population of our planet, there is a need for new territories for the expansion of cities and villages, the construction of factories and factories, and the construction of communication routes every year. Almost 1/3 of the land is occupied by agricultural lands: arable land, orchards, vineyards, meadows, pastures, tea […]...
22. Geographical position of Australia. The history of the discovery. Relief and minerals 1. Tell us about the main stages of the discovery of Australia. Here you need to talk about the research of the Dutch traveler Abel Tasman and the English navigator James Cook. At different times they discovered different parts of the coast of Australia. It was proved that Australia is a separate continent entirely in […]...
23. The climate and properties of oceanic waters of the Pacific Ocean Climatic conditions over the territory of the Pacific Ocean are due to its location in all climatic zones, except polar. Most precipitation falls around the equator – up to 2000 mm. Due to the fact that the Pacific Ocean is protected by land from the influence of the Arctic Ocean, its northern part is warmer […]...
24. Plan for the study of the continent Physico-geographical position: the area of ​​the continent, its location relative to the equator, the zero meridian, the tropics and polar circles, seas and oceans, other continents; extreme points; the length of the continent from north to south and from west to east. History of discovery and exploration of the continent. The structure of the earth’s […]...
25. The Australian Union 1. What are the minerals rich in the Australian Union? The Australian Union is a country occupying the whole continent that is part of the British Commonwealth of Nations. The Australian Union, which is called Australia, contains rich mineral deposits in its bowels. The regularity of the location of minerals depends on the structure of […]...
26. Geographical position of Antarctica. Discovery and research 1. What are the features of the geographical position of Antarctica? To determine the peculiarities of the geographical position of Antarctica, study the political and physical maps of the world. Set the position of the continent in relation to the equator, the initial meridian, the Southern Circle and the South Pole. On the political map, […]...
27. Geographical location and nature of the Urals 1. Determine the boundaries of individual parts of the Urals. How do they differ in height and location of mountain ranges? Along the Ural Mountains, alternating low and elevated areas are observed. Thus, in the Neogene-Quaternary time, the basement of this structure was wavyly bent, reviving already almost completely destroyed mountains. There was a crushing […]...
28. Forms of relief of the earth’s surface and their formation It is difficult to imagine that in comparison with the real dimensions of the Earth on this model – a globe with a diameter of 1 m – the dimensions of the highest mountain systems and the deepest depressions would not exceed 1 mm. And the ego with the fact that the real maximum elevation […]...
29. The structure of the earth’s crust of Africa The relief depends on the structure of the earth’s crust, which was formed for a long time. Under the influence of internal and external processes, the main tectonic structures of Africa emerged and deposits of various minerals were formed to the origin. Covered 2-3 billion years ago, Africa’s high mountain systems under the influence of […]...
30. The structure of the earth’s crust of Australia Australia is located in the central part of the Indo-Australian lithospheric plate. Consequently, this is the only continent on which there are no active volcanoes, and earthquakes occur very rarely and do not have destructive power. Australia, like Africa, is the remnant of the ancient mainland of Gondwana, about 180 million years ago split into […]...
31. Common questions to the country United States of America 1. Give examples of the diversity of nature in the United States. The nature of the US is extremely diverse. The climate varies from temperate in the north to tropical in the south. Natural areas are diverse in combinations of different animal species. Mountainous West and the Plain East differ in their natural landscapes. The […]...
32. Types of pollution of continents, oceans and their sources Pollution is understood as the entry into the environment of substances that degrade the quality of individual components of nature and cause damage to natural complexes, which is particularly detrimental to representatives of the organic world. Pollution of the natural environment, depending on the source of their origin, is divided into mechanical, chemical, physical, biological […]...
33. Features of the organic world of South America and the change of its natural complexes by man Features of the organic world of the continent. The diversity of the natural conditions of South America determines the species richness of plants and animals, and the remoteness from other continents is their originality. Since in the past geological era, South America was part of the single continent of Gondwana, some plant forks are similar […]...
34. Antarctica and Antarctica. The physico-geographical position of the continent and its coastline Physico-geographical position of the continent. Features of the nature of Antarctica are due to the unusual nature of its location on our planet. Almost all of it is located to the south of the Southern Arctic Circle. Only a small part of the continent goes beyond it. Therefore, there is a polar night and a […]...
35. Composition on “The Sun” Early in the morning, the first rays of the sun touch the ground. It awakens people and the world of nature. People are looking out the windows, birds are singing, insects are bustling about. From the earth’s surface, the sun seems so small that you want to jump and take it in your arms. But […]...
36. The structure of the earth’s crust of North America North America along with Eurasia is the remnant of the ancient continent of the northern hemisphere of Laurasia, which began to split into modern continents at the end of the Mesozoic era about 100 million years ago. The oldest and largest in area tectonic structure of North America is the North American platform, which is […]...
37. Increase in the scale of environmental pollution and its consequences For a long time, the nature of the Earth was able to overcome the negative effects of various types of pollution by self-purification. But from the second half of XX century. the amount of waste and hazardous substances that enter the environment is rapidly increasing, so the natural complexes of continents and oceans no longer […]...
38. Geographical location and nature of the Volga region 1. How historically has the profitable transport and geographical position of the region changed? Does the value of this or that mode of transport change over time? The area at all times was characterized by exceptionally favorable economic and geographical location. The Volga region, like the Volga-Vyatka region, borders on four other economic regions, that […]...
39. The role of unicellular animals in nature and in human life A large number and wide distribution characterize unicellular animals as animals that play a significant role in nature. Free-living protozoa occupy an important place in the circulation of substances in the biosphere. Aquatic protozoa constitute the main part of plankton, they are used for food by larger animals. Many, feeding on suspended organic particles and […]...
40. Features of the Eurasian landform, its development 1. How does the relief of Eurasia differ from the relief of other continents? In Eurasia, as on all other continents, there are mountains and plains. Here are the highest mountains and the most extensive plains. From the plains and plateaus of North and Central Asia, the peninsulas of the South-West, South and South-East Eurasia […]...