The desire of the city of Laon to independence

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1. The struggle of cities for self-government. Cities-communes The whole land belonged to the feudal lords, and therefore the cities stood on their land and were considered their property. The city was like a vassal of the feudal lord. The townspeople completely depended on his whims and appetites, the feudal lord tried to squeeze out of them as much as possible profit. This […]...
2. The struggle of the Swiss for independence. The origins of European democracy Political changes in Germany continued. In it, in particular, the Swiss Union was formed. This took care of the Alpine shepherds, who rebelled against the Habsburgs. The beginning of the Swiss struggle for independence is connected with the courageous act of William Tell. This Swiss peasant allegedly refused to bow to the royal governor’s hat. […]...
3. The struggle of cities for self-government. Communal movement Since medieval cities were formed on the land of secular and spiritual feudal lords, they accordingly submitted to them. The feudal lords were interested in this, because the craft and trade gave a lot of income. However, the desire of the feudal lords to pull out of the city as much money as possible aroused […]...
4. Italian city republics Italy was more fortunate than other Western European countries. It better preserved the ancient heritage, the economic life was rampant, it became the center of the Catholic world. However, the political fate of her was unenviable. The country went to one conqueror, then another – Lombards, Byzantines, Franks, Arabs, Normans. The cities did not contribute […]...
5. The Ukrainian city in the second half of 19 in What was the Ukrainian city in the second half of the 19th century? From the second half of the 19th century. In the life and way of life of the population of Ukraine, serious changes have taken place. The most notable of these changes were in large cities, which were increasingly exposed to European influence. […]...
6. Craft in the medieval city. Workshops The economic basis of the West European medieval city was the craft. Craftsmen of one or several related professions united in workshops. Several reasons contributed to this: first, it was easier for artisans to defend themselves against the willfulness of the feudal lords; secondly, the workshops had more opportunities to combat the competition of newcomers […]...
7. Life in the city and in the countryside In the summer, many townspeople try to leave the city at least for a weekend – who is at the dacha, who is on the bank of the river, who is in the village. And always, enjoying the view of nature, we have the thought: “It is good to have a house in the village.” […]...
8. Summary Tram “Desire” T. Williams Tram “Desire” The scene of the play is a wretched outskirts of New Orleans; in the very atmosphere of this place, according to the remark of Williams, there is something “lost, spoiled.” It is here that the tram with the symbolic name “Desire” is brought by Blanche DuBois, who, after a long chain […]...
9. Tram Williams Desire The play takes place on the squalid outskirts of New Orleans. This place itself was lost. It was to this city that a tram named “Desire” arrived. He brought Blanche Dubois, a girl who experienced a lot of failures. Here she tries to find peace, or get a temporary shelter, where you can rest without […]...
10. Composition on the theme of my city Since childhood, I live in a small city, if you want, you can bypass it in a couple of hours, despite its size, it is spacious and clean. Let there are few beautiful streets and sights, no drawbridges and skyscrapers, I love my city. There are many cozy yards, dear places and, of course, native […]...
11. England and the Vikings In the 60-ies of IX century. Vikings, mostly Danes, began to conquer Britain. They captured a significant territory in the north-east of the country and forced the Anglo-Saxons south. The subsequent advancement of the Normans in this direction was suspended under King Alfred the Great. The king defeated the Danes and concluded a peace treaty […]...
12. The city in the Middle Ages. Description The city was located so that it was convenient to surround it with a protective wall, but that the environment should serve as protection for it. The first medieval cities were surrounded by an earthen rampart and a wooden palisade, the later ones were already renewed with one, two or even three stone battlements with […]...
13. Reconquista and the formation of the Spanish kingdom At the beginning of the VIII century. almost the entire Iberian peninsula – the birthplace of the Spaniards and Portuguese – conquered the Arabs. Conquerors oppressed Christians, but at the same time acquainted them with the high achievements of Eastern culture. The population of the peninsula soon rebelled against the invaders. This liberation struggle, which […]...
14. Interesting facts from the history of the Middle Ages There were also purely children’s entertainment. Every year puppets brought puppies to the school for Shrovetide. And instead of sitting in class, the kids all morning watched the cockfighting. To medieval children’s theatrical representations it is possible to carry and unusual ceremony with “the boy-bishop”. On the day of St. Nicholas or St.. Innocent in […]...
15. Ukrainian city in the 18th – first half of the 19th century 1. What was the Ukrainian city in the late 18th – early 19th century? In the 18th century. almost all towns and villages remained small settlements, which almost did not differ from villages. Their inhabitants were engaged not only in crafts and trade, but also in agriculture. From the last decades of the 18th century. […]...
16. The composition of my dream city If five years ago I was asked about what the city of the future is like for me, then undoubtedly, I would say that this is a city where passengers use spacecraft instead of buses, trams and trolley buses, and people manage factories, factories, fully automated and obeying computer programs. Children in such a city […]...
17. “Magna Carta”. King John the Landless Henry II left his heirs strong royal power. But right after his death they faced serious challenges. The war with France, England, in the end, lost. The scapegoats for this and other setbacks were made by the barons of John the Landless, the youngest son of Henry II. This king, as luck would have, quarreled […]...
18. Summary “The City of Kalinov and Its Inhabitants” Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky is rightly considered the singer of the merchant’s environment. His pen belongs to about sixty plays, the most famous of which are “His people – we will be counted”, “Groza”, “Bespridnitsa” and others. “Storm,” as Dobrolyubov characterized it, is “the most resolute work” of the author, since the mutual relations of tyranny […]...
19. Summary “The History of a City” by Saltykov-Shchedrin The story describes the life of the city of Glupov for a hundred years before 1825. The chronicle of the city during this time was conducted by four archivists. The history of Glupov is directly connected with the period of the rule of the various mayors. In the first prehistoric chapter, the author considers the […]...
20. Composition “Life in the City” Life in the big city: pluses and minuses. Big cities. These are the battlefields, the territory where people are fighting for a place in the sun, this is a world of temptations and cruelty, a world in which there is no place for the weak. But also this is a world of bright colors, fun, […]...
21. Summary “History of one city” About the work In 1870, after a series of publications of separate chapters, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin’s The History of a City appeared. This event received a wide public response – the writer was accused of ridiculing the Russian people and denigrating the facts of Russian history. The genre of the work is a satirical story, exposing […]...
22. Church of Western Europe in the 14th-15th centuries At the beginning of the XIV century. the political situation in Western Europe has radically changed. The process of centralization has become more active. National states began to form. The royal power subordinated to itself feudal nobility – secular and ecclesiastical. But the papacy, contrary to new tendencies, tried to defend and even strengthen its […]...
23. Estate monarchy In the XII century. the royal power appreciably strengthened. There were several reasons for such changes. The need for a strong royal power was felt by the petty and average feudal lords, who sought protection from power seniors. In addition, the feudal lords sought to increase profits. However, direct pressure on the peasants could lead […]...
24. “History of a city” Saltykov-Shchedrin in brief This story – the “true” chronicle of the city of Glupov, “Glupovsky Chronicler”, embracing a period of time from 1731 to 1825, which “consistently composed” four Glubovsky archivist. In the chapter “From the publisher” the author especially insists on the authenticity of the “Chronicler” and offers the reader “to catch the physiognomy of the city […]...
25. The Magna Carta and the emergence of the English Parliament King John, as a result of the unsuccessful war for England with Philip II August, lost in France most of the patrimonial possessions of the Plantagenets. Therefore, contemporaries called John a derogatory nickname Landless. Military defeat, the constant extortion of “shield money” caused the subjects genuine hatred for the king. The situation was aggravated by […]...
26. My city is Saratov I am proud to live in one of the largest and oldest cities in Russia – in Saratov. It was founded in 1590. My city is located on the right bank of the Volgograd Reservoir. Saratov is one of the industrial centers of Russia, and is also rich in interesting cultural monuments. I like to […]...
27. Burgerry in medieval Europe The townspeople were divided into burghers and non-burghers. By Burghers from the XI-XIII centuries. called full-fledged townspeople who elected and could be elected to the organs of city government. Only one who had a mansion or a workshop in the city became a Burgess. All other townspeople belonged to the non-burghers: servants of burghers, apprentices, […]...
28. Summary The history of one city Saltykov-Shchedrin M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin History of one city This story is a “true” chronicle of the city of Glupov, “Glupovsky Chronicler”, embracing a period of time from 1731 to 1825, which was “successively” composed by four stupid archivists. In the chapter “From the publisher” the author especially insists on the authenticity of the “Chronicler” and offers […]...
29. City culture of medieval Europe In medieval cities, a democratic secular culture was born and formed, closely related to folk art. Most brightly it manifested itself in the urban literature created by the national language, not Latin. From time immemorial, amusing entertaining stories, fables, parables were popular among the people, which were literally processed during the heyday of the cities. […]...
30. “I love my city” composition I live in the best city in the world. Because he is handsome, he is dear. Then I was born, grew up. Then my friends, parents. It was in this city that I took the first steps, I said the first words, the first time I saw the most native person on earth: my mother. […]...
31. What city would I like to build? When I was a child, I often imagined that I lived in a city where all the houses were built of chocolate bars, fences were made from biscuits, and instead of water in the river, lemonade. In my city there was no need to go to kindergarten and go to bed early. On TV, they […]...
32. The city in which I would like to live Once, my parents and I walked around the city. After a long heat came a slight coolness. We went to the central city park. But what was our surprise when we saw that the familiar avenues were turned into quarters of the masters. One of the alleys was occupied by the workshops of blacksmiths, the […]...
33. Summary At the walls of the city of the invisible. Light lake MM Prishvin At the walls of the city of the invisible. Bright Lake My native land is a small estate of the Orel province. There, after listening to arguments at religious and philosophical meetings in St. Petersburg, I decided to go to look around, to find out what the wise forest elders think. So began […]...
34. “Description of the city” composition Our city of October is very beautiful and cozy, with wide streets, with high houses, with parks and squares. It is located on the right side of the river IR, on its bank, next to a small artificial lake. The city has about one hundred and fourteen thousand inhabitants, with theaters, libraries with huge book […]...
35. “Astana city of dreams” composition Astana became the capital of our Motherland and the residence of the President in 1994. Now it is the city of the future, the city of dreams. With each passing day, it is increasingly developing and flourishing. There are many sports and cultural events here. In Astana, the most modern buildings are built, which amaze […]...
36. Summary of the novel by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “The History of a City” The novel begins with an appeal to the reader from the last chronicler-archivist. Then follows the story of how the Foolovites settled down. Previously, they were dumbheads, because they had a habit of treading on their heads with everything that comes in their way. Once they decided to call on the kingdom of a wise […]...
37. Composition on the theme “Medieval city” I entered this French city in the morning through the gate in the fortress wall. The guards have just opened the city gates, locked at night. Therefore, many peasants entered my city, carrying goods to the fair on the carts. I was in a labyrinth of narrow streets. For some of them, even a wagon […]...
38. My city Voronezh I was born, studied and live, to this day in the city of Voronezh. This is Central Black Earth. My city is already 430 years old. It is located in the European part of Russia on the banks of the Voronezh Reservoir, as well as the Voronezh River, which flows into the Don River approximately […]...
39. “My City of Karaganda” composition Every person has a homeland. In the broadest sense of the word, this is the country in which we were born and live. For each of us, it begins with a small: home, where we are surrounded by loved ones. Native yard, where we met the first friends and learned to appreciate friendship. The street […]...
40. For what I love my city Kharkov, I love you! Love love! For what? I do not know… Probably for what you are. It’s so good – what you are. With my parents, I traveled half of Ukraine. I liked Kiev, Lviv, Dnepropetrovsk… And I just love you. After all, you are my hometown! How can a man have two native […]...