Natural conditions and resources of the Far East
Why is the large number of isotherms in the Far East closed?
Closed isotherms are associated with mountain massifs, intermontane basins, which violate a smooth temperature decrease from south to north.
How can one explain such sharp contrasts in the amount of precipitation in different parts of the Far East?
This again is explained by the mountain relief. On the way of moist sea air masses are mountain ranges, which intercept the bulk of the precipitation.
Why do the rivers of the northern run differ by their high water content with a small amount of precipitation?
Because these rivers have a ground runoff due to permafrost, and because of the cold climate, evaporation is small.
The costs of transpiration for conifers, mosses and lichens are also low. Thus, almost all precipitating precipitation reaches the rivers and determines their high water content.
How does the monsoon climate affect the Cupid regime? Tell us about the economic significance
Monsoon climate determines the feeding regime of the Amur River: stormy high water in the summer, often leading to floods. Cupid – the main water artery of the south
The Far East. Used for navigation, fishing. On it passes the border of Russia with China.
Show on the map the composition of the territory of the Far East, its mainland, island and peninsular parts, the main geographical objects.
You need to remember the following geographical objects:
- Seas: Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi, Bering, Okhotsk, Japanese; Gulfs: Penzhinskaya Bay, Peter the Great, Shelikhov, Anadyr; Straits: Long, Bering, Tatar, Laperuz, Kunashirsky; Islands: Novosibirsk, Wrangel, Commander, Kuril, Sakhalin; Peninsula: Kamchatka, Chukchi; elevations: Zeysko-Bureinskaya; lowlands: Yano-Indigirskaya, Kolyma, Middle Amur, Central Yakutia; Mountains, ridges, uplands: the Aldan Highlands, the Vitim plateau, the Yano-Oymyakonsky Highlands, the Chukchi Highlands, the Sikhote-Alin Mountains, the ranges of Chersky, Dzhugdzhur, volcanoes – Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Avachinskaya Sopka; Rivers:
What are the main features of the physico-geographical position of the Far East? What is the reason for the increased seismicity of this area?
The Far East is the largest economic region in the country, the longest from the north to the south, covering all the latitudes in Russia from almost 42 ° N. w. in the Primorsky Territory to 74 ° N. w. in the north-western Yakutia.
The main features of the physico-geographical location of the region:
– Wide access to the seas of the Pacific and the Arctic Ocean;
– wealth of natural resources.
The agroclimatic potential of the district is similar to the southern parts of the European part of the country. True, the wide spread of the sharply continental climate in the west of the region and the temperate monsoon in the east and the permafrost sharply reduce the possibilities of farming. The most favorable conditions for crop production in the south are in the Amur and the Khankan lowlands.
On the diversity of minerals, the Far Eastern region is one of the largest, and many fields are poorly studied and require large geological work. There are ore of non-ferrous and ferrous metals, diamonds. Significant reserves of coal, oil, gas, mica-phlogopite, fluorspar.
Almost do not use the richest hydropower resources of rivers.
The region is unique in terms of diversity and biological resources. In the forests there are valuable plants and animals.
The richness of the ocean allows us to get fish and shellfish, algae and crabs here.
The development of some types of raw materials and fuel in the Far East proves to be unprofitable, while foreign economic relations are not established, since there are deposits of similar resources located in Siberia that are closer to European consumers and often have better development conditions.
The increased seismicity of the region and the unique volcanism for Russia are explained by the fact that the extreme eastern part of the Far East lies in the Alpine folding region, the so-called Pacific ring of fire. Tectonic movements continue in this area to this day.
What kind of natural features does the Far East differ from the one you have already studied in Siberia? Give an assessment of the natural features of individual territories of the Far East. Which of them most seriously affect people’s lives?
From Siberia, the Far East is distinguished by its extensive seacoast, monsoon and marine climate types, volcanism. The features of the physico-geographical situation were described above. All these natural features do not simply affect the lives of people, but shape the way of life and the type of farming. Monsoon climate with abundant summer rains, frequent floods of rivers determines agricultural specialization, causes frequent crop losses during flooding. The extensive sea coast determines the development of the fishing industry and the great importance of maritime transport. Frequently repeated earthquakes force build seismically stable buildings. Long-term permafrost and the mountainous character of the territory make it difficult to master the vast expanses of the Far East. In the conditions of frozen soils, all communications in settlements have to be conducted over the surface, The settlements here produce impressions of the cities and towns entangled in the pipes. A sharply continental climate with severe winters places high demands on heating and thermal insulation properties of buildings.
Compare the areas in the north and the south of the Far East. Show the features of difference and similarity. Explain their reasons.
The most important difference is in the north of the region it’s cold, in the south it’s warmer. The consequences of this are clearly visible on maps of population density and agricultural areas. The Far North is a sparsely populated region with reindeer pastures, the south of the region is not inferior to the European territory of Russia in terms of population density, it is characterized by plant growing and cattle breeding. The main similarity is the coastal position of the extreme eastern parts, almost all the settlements located on the coast are ports.
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