Karl Bald, Ludwig German, Lothar. Treaty of Verdun

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1. The death of the empire of Charlemagne, the formation of the states of medieval Europe Charlemagne died in 814 and the throne passed to his son Louis the Pious. However, soon three sons of Louis pious Karl Lysy, Louis German and Lothar – began to seek from the father of the partition of the empire. In order to calm them down, Louis the Pious in 817 divided the empire between […]...
2. Carolingians. Karl Martell, Pepin the Short, Charlemagne. Reconstituted Empire The first Carolingians were still majordomami with “lazy kings”. The most notable figure among them was Carl Martell. In 732, Carl Martell in the Battle of Poitiers defeated the Arabs and, perhaps, saved Europe from this Arab invasion. This battle convinced Karl Martell that it was time to replace the militiamen with warriors-horsemen in the […]...
3. Basic dates and facts on the history of the Middle Ages Main dates on the history of the Middle Ages 395 The division of the Roman Empire into the Eastern and Western 476 The demise of the Roman Empire 486 Foundation of the Frankish Kingdom 610 Beginning of sermons by Mohammed 622 Relocation of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina 732 The Battle of Poitiers – the […]...
4. Education of the Holy Roman Empire The eastern part of the empires of Charlemagne went to Louis the German as a separate kingdom, uniting the lands of four, in fact independent, duchies: Swabia, Bavaria, Franconia and Saxony. In Germany, the formation of the state takes place in the reign of Otto I, who, after defeating the Hungarians in 955 near Augsburg, […]...
5. The Italian policy of the German emperors At the beginning of the XII century. The German Empire united the lands of modern Germany and Austria. Switzerland, Belgium, Holland, the Czech Republic, parts of France and Northern and Central Italy. It was a collection of separate territories, which, in effect, were controlled by independent secular and ecclesiastical princes. Emerging from the crisis of […]...
6. Biography of Charlemagne Charlemagne is the King of the Franks and Lombards, the Emperor, who revived the Holy Roman Empire. According to scientists, Karl was born on April 2, 742. The place of his birth is also unknown, as possible indicated: Ingelheim, Aachen, Salzburg and some others. Karl’s parents were Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. Carl […]...
7. Germany at the end of the Middle Ages. The German Empire of the 14th-15th centuries The dynasty of the Habsburgs did not remain in power for long. At the beginning of the XIV century. the feudal lords elected King Henry VII of Luxembourg. He founded the Luxembourg dynasty, which persistently tried to conquer Italy, quarreled with the popes. All this, in the end, fed up with the princes. To the […]...
8. Germany – the next empire. Otto I the Great The territory of Germany, inhabited by German, Roman and Slavic tribes, was first part of the Frankish Empire. After this empire fell, the local feudal lords elected Henry I as their king in 919. Germany, thus, became a separate state, but divided into several large self-governing regions: Alemania, Bavaria, Franconia and Saxony. After Henry I, […]...
9. The German Empire and the Papacy From the second half of the XI century. The important aspect of the political life of Germany was the relations between the state and the church. Emperor Henry IV dared to openly conflict with Pope Gregory VII, who forbade secular power to interfere with the appointment of bishops. Thus began the struggle for investment. It […]...
10. Feudal fragmentation During the reign of the Carolingians, the state system became more complex and ramified, but it remained imperfect. Charlemagne tried to prevent the excessive autonomy of his officials. He eliminated the position of the Dukes, who led the conquered large tribes. The whole territory of the state was divided into almost 200 counties. They were […]...
11. The main events, information and facts on the theme “The birth of the medieval world, the features of its development” in the tables Historical sources: Written Real Ethnographic The Frankish Kingdom: 481-486 years. – the unification of the Salic Franks by Clovis from the Merovingian dynasty; mazhordomas and “lazy kings”; 486 – the Battle of Soissons; About 498 AD – the baptism of Clovis; 768-814 years. – Charlemagne; 843 – Verdun Treaty – the collapse of the empire […]...
12. Monarchy, kings. Charlemagne Settled on the territory of the Roman Empire, the Germans found there a more perfect than theirs, the state system, their leaders liked the powerful power of the emperors. But the German kings, future kings, could not immediately abandon the people’s congregation and the council of elders. To create a state with strong power, the […]...
13. Geographical Zoning of Russia 1. Why do you think the borders of economic regions necessarily coincide with the borders of the subjects of the Federation, and the boundaries of natural areas – no. For the convenience of management and management of economic regions, subjects of the Federation with the same sectoral specialization and economic links are united. The natural […]...
14. The great migration of peoples and the formation of barbarian states The period in the history that initiated the formation of national communities in Europe is usually called the era of the Great Migration of Nations. As a result of migration processes on the ruins of the Western Roman Empire, new state formations of Burgundians, Lombards, Angles, Saxons and others emerged. The first barbarian state on […]...
15. “The onslaught on the East.” German Crusades against the Slavs XII-XIII centuries German feudal lords did not receive anything in the Muslim East in the Crusades. Aspirations to increase their possessions they lacked – Germany seemed to them close. Therefore, while the emperors fought with Italy and quarreled with the popes, the feudal lords carried out an “onslaught on the East” – populated the lands in the […]...
16. Literature of the German Enlightenment Absolutism in Germany took a specific shallow-water form. The mass impoverishment of the peasants led to the emergence of spontaneous social protest; Fugitive gangs consisting of fugitive peasants wielded in the forests and on large roads. For politically fragmented Germany, a multiplicity of cultural centers is characteristic. Such centers were Leipzig, Hamburg, Göttingen, until finally […]...
17. Summary of the Doyle Sea Treaty To Sherlock Holmes appeals for help Percy Phelps, a schoolmate of Dr. Watson. Phelps is ill and can not visit the apartment on Baker Street, so Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson go to the manor near London. They are met by Mr. Joseph Harrison, brother of the bride of Percy, whose room he now occupies. […]...
18. Summary Karl Maria Weber CARL MARIA WEBER 1786-1826 Weber is an outstanding German romantic composer. A versatile gifted personality – conductor, pianist, literary man, music and public figure, Weber was an active fighter for German national art. His creative heritage includes sonatas, concerts, program pieces for piano, chamber works, songs, but the leading role belongs to the opera. Weber’s […]...
19. The German offensive to the east in the 12th-14th centuries Gradual spread of German settlements to the east was observed in the VIII century. and significantly intensified in the XII century, when, as a result of a long and brutal struggle, the German feudal lords captured the territories of the Polabian Slavs – the obedrites and the Lyutichs. The Margrave of Brandenburg, the Duchies of […]...
20. Merovingians. Clovis, King of the Franks During the Great Migration of Nations, the most powerful barbarian state in Western Europe created the Germanic tribes of the Franks. The first of their kings was the Merovingians. The origin of this dynasty is covered with legends, its founder, Merovey, was considered the son of two parents – the usual king and sea monster. […]...
21. Summary The Devil’s General Karl Zukmeyer Karl Tsukmeyer General of the Devil The General of Aviation Harras receives guests at the restaurant Otto. This is the only restaurant in Berlin, where you can hold private banquets in wartime under the special permission of Goering. Accordingly, one of the halls has a newest listening device for the Gestapo. The general arrives at […]...
22. Summary Ludwig van Beethoven LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN 1770-1827 The work of the brilliant German composer Beethoven is the greatest treasure of world culture, an epoch in the history of music. It had a huge impact on the development of 19th century art. In the formation of the ideology of the Beethoven-artist, the decisive role was played by the ideas […]...
23. The Frankish state of the Carolingians. Flowering The real heyday of the Frankish kingdom reached in the era of the reign of Charlemagne, the son of Pepin the Short. It is by the name of Carla that the royal dynasty, founded by Pepin the Short, is called the Carolingian dynasty. The nickname “Great” Karl received for his activities, in the interests of […]...
24. Summary “Bald Singer” Bourgeois English interior. English Evening. The English couple are Mr. and Mrs. Smith. The English clock beats seventeen English punches. Mrs. Smith says that it’s already nine o’clock. She lists everything they ate for dinner, and builds gastronomic plans for the future. She is going to buy Bulgarian yogurt, because it works well on the […]...
25. Strengthening of royal power in France In the X century. the western part of the former empire of Charlemagne was already called, not by Gaul, but by France. But France was not a centralized state at that time. In the IX-X centuries. it was the first in Western Europe to split into a number of independent possessions – the duchies of […]...
26. “Bald singer” Ionesco in brief summary Bourgeois English interior. English Evening. The English couple are Mr. and Mrs. Smith. The English clock beats seventeen English punches. Mrs. Smith says that it’s already nine o’clock. She lists everything they ate for dinner, and builds gastronomic plans for the future. She is going to buy Bulgarian yogurt, because it works well on the […]...
27. Summary Bald singer Eugene Ionesco Eugene Ionesco Bald singer Bourgeois English interior. English Evening. The English couple are Mr. and Mrs. Smith. The English clock beats seventeen English punches. Mrs. Smith says that it’s already nine o’clock. She lists everything they ate for dinner, and builds gastronomic plans for the future. She is going to buy Bulgarian yogurt, because it […]...
28. The collapse of the Byzantine Empire. The Latin Empire At the end of the XI century. Crusades began. It would seem that this disaster will not affect the Byzantine capital – the center of Orthodoxy. But the organization of the Fourth Crusade was interrupted by a cunning old man – blind Venetian doge Enrico Dandolo. He conceived the hands of the Crusaders to destroy […]...
29. Summary Karl Maria Weber. Free Shooter FREEPY ARROW1 Opera in three acts Libretto by F. Kind Characters: Ottokar, the Bohemian prince Kuno, Forester Agatha, his daughter Anhen, a friend of Agatha Baritone Bass Soprano Soprano Bass Tenor Tenor Bass Without singing Caspar Max } Hunters Kilian, rich peasant Hermit Samiel, the “black hunter” Peasants, hunters, girls, musicians. The action takes place […]...
30. The Birth of Byzantium In 330, Emperor Constantine made the capital of the Roman Empire the city of Byzantium, located on the picturesque shores of the Bosphorus. The new capital was first called New Rome, and later – Constantinople, that is, “the city of Constantine.” VI Art. From the report of the medieval historian Jordan about the visit to […]...
31. Culture of the Middle Ages After the death of the Western Roman Empire, the West plunged into the darkness of decline and barbarism. This resulted not so much in the barbaric conquests, as in the confusion and indifference of the population. People did not have neither the strength nor the desire to resist the oppression of life’s circumstances. But the […]...
32. Biography of Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx is an economist, philosopher, political journalist. Born May 5, 1818 in Trier, Prussia. Education in the biography of Marx was received at the Gymnasium of Trier. After its termination in 1835, Charles entered the University of Bonn, then the University of Berlin. In 1841, Karl Marx graduated from the university, defended his […]...
33. The Hundred Years War of 1337-1453 After the death of Philip IV, three of his sons died one after the other under mysterious circumstances. The grandees proclaimed King Philip VI Long – a representative of the genus Valois. He wrote in 1328 the royal dynasty of Valois, which existed in France until 1589. However, the new dynasty was not lucky. Philip […]...
34. Summary Ludwig van Beethoven. Fidelio FIDELIO Opera in two acts Libretto by I. Sonnleitner and G. Treichke1 Characters: Florestan, the prisoner Leonora, his wife, hiding under the name Fidelio Don Fernando, Minister Don Pizarro, the prison governor Rocco, the jailer Marcelina, his daughter Zhakino, the gatekeeper Tenor Soprano Baritone Baritone Bass Soprano Tenor Prisoners, officers, guards, people. The action takes […]...
35. Composition “The First World War” July of 1914. The murder of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire in Sarajevo stirred Europe. There were several conspirators. And the whole of Serbia is declared war. Germany, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary, united, unleash a military campaign against the countries of the Entente coalition – France, England and Russia. Russia entered the war […]...
36. Completion of the Hundred Years War and the reunification of France The death of Joan of Arc, as the British had hoped, did not change the course of the war. The French troops continued to advance successfully. The Burgundian Duke, realizing the hopelessness of the position of the British, hastened to reconcile with the French king. In the spring of 1436 Charles VII took Paris. He […]...
37. Biography of Karl Bryullov Karl Pavlovich Bryullov is an artist. Born on December 12, 1799 in St. Petersburg in a creative family. Education in the biography of Karl Bryullov was received at the Petersburg Academy of Arts, which he graduated with a gold medal. In 1822 he went to Italy, where he created several thematic paintings, and also copied […]...
38. Political map of Eurasia The state borders of the countries of Eurasia have been constantly changing throughout the history of mankind. In Europe, the ancient civilizations of Greece, the Roman Empire, on the territory of Asia – Babylon. Assyria, India and China. Numerous military campaigns, wars of conquest, the annexation of new lands led to the disappearance of some […]...
39. India – “The country of a thousand miracles.” Delhi Sultanate. The Mughal Empire At the end of the old – the beginning of a new era, India was repeatedly conquered by strangers. A huge country was inhabited by a great many peoples and tribes, so it was difficult to unite it to repel invaders. Political fragmentation contributed to the fact that the local nobility cared more for their […]...
40. The End of the Hundred Years War and the Unification of France Joan of Arc gave her life for France for good reason. The French gradually liberated their country from the English invaders. Charles VII entered Paris. In 1453 the English owned only the city of Calais in France, but soon lost it. The longest war in European history ended in the victory of France. In France, […]...