Geography

1. Find in the text an explanation of the causes of ocean currents. What general rule is the movement of the main currents subject to? You already know that currents form in the seas and oceans, which are peculiar rivers in the ocean. If you compare a map showing the main directions of wind currents, … Read more

In Oceania, natural complexes of coral, volcanic and continental islands can be distinguished. Natural complexes of coral islands are monotonous. A flat surface does not exceed an absolute altitude of 3-10 m above sea level. The vegetation of coral islands is very scarce – only a few plant species. The dominant plant of the islands … Read more

The Indus, the Ganges with the tributary Brahmaputra, the Tigris and the Euphrates belong to the large rivers of the Indian Ocean basin. The Indus and the Ganges with the Brahmaputra originate in the Himalayas. Ganges and Brahmaputra, merging, form a large delta, because they take out from the mountains a lot of small particles … Read more

The structure of the earth’s crust of the continent determines its relief. Considering the physical map of Africa, we can conclude that the continent consists of elevated plains. Lowlands and high mountains are few. Lowlands are located mainly along the coasts of the seas and oceans. The eastern part of Africa occupies a rather high … Read more

The territory of Australia is located in three climatic zones: subequatorial in the north, tropical in the center and subtropical in the south. In the extreme north of the continent, a subequatorial climate is formed. In summer, during the period of the predominance of equatorial air masses, it is moist and warm. The average air … Read more

The physico-geographical position of Antarctica is determined by its location around the South Pole within the Southern Arctic Circle. Therefore Antarctica is the coldest continent on Earth. Antarctica was opened in 1820 by a Russian expedition led by Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The members of the Norwegian expedition led by Rual Amundsen reached the … Read more

To the basin of the Arctic Ocean are such large rivers in the north of Asia as the Ob, Yenisei and Lena. The most full of them is the Yenisei. The largest river basin in Eurasia is the Ob. Rivers originate in the mountains of Southern Siberia, so in the upper reaches the nature of … Read more

The area is 30.3 million km2. Population over 890 million people The highest point above sea level is Kilimanjaro. The lowest point from sea level is the Assol depression. The length of the coastline is -30.5 thousand km. The average height above sea level is -650 m. The longest river is the Nile with Kagera. … Read more

Due to the prevalence of dry and hot climate in Australia there are few surface waters and many underground ones. The rivers and lakes of the continent belong to three basins: the internal runoff of the Indian and Pacific oceans. Only in the east, in the mountains where there is enough rainfall, short rivers do … Read more

1. Why do you think the borders of economic regions necessarily coincide with the borders of the subjects of the Federation, and the boundaries of natural areas – no. For the convenience of management and management of economic regions, subjects of the Federation with the same sectoral specialization and economic links are united. The natural … Read more

Due to the increase in the population of our planet, there is a need for new territories for the expansion of cities and villages, the construction of factories and factories, and the construction of communication routes every year. Almost 1/3 of the land is occupied by agricultural lands: arable land, orchards, vineyards, meadows, pastures, tea … Read more

The political map of North America in general terms was formed at the beginning of the 20th century. Now in the region there are 37 states and territories. Of these, 23 are sovereign states, the rest are in the possession or under the tutelage of other states. Canada stands out for the area. USA and … Read more

1. Do you think that the ratio of electricity produced at stations of different types will change in the future? The production of electricity at stations of different types in Russia is similar to the world average. In the world as a whole, 64% are generated by thermal power plants, 18% by hydroelectric power stations … Read more

1. What is the peculiarity of the spread of life in the ocean? Life in the World Ocean is widespread, but species composition and density of plants and animals in the ocean are extremely diverse and uneven. Living organisms adapt to life under certain conditions, formed by a combination of different properties of water masses. … Read more

Climatic conditions over the territory of the Pacific Ocean are due to its location in all climatic zones, except polar. Most precipitation falls around the equator – up to 2000 mm. Due to the fact that the Pacific Ocean is protected by land from the influence of the Arctic Ocean, its northern part is warmer … Read more

The beginning of the exploration by the Europeans of the Pacific Ocean was laid by Fernand Magellan, who carried out in 1519-1521. trip around the world. Crossing a large water area from east to west, seafarers, to the surprise, never fell into a storm. The ocean was weatherless. This gave grounds to call him Quiet. … Read more

As in Africa, the zone of moist equatorial forests lies on both sides of the equator on the Amazonian lowland. These forests in South America are called selva, which in Portuguese means “forest”. In the jungle, higher humidity, compared to the African forests, there are more species of plants and animals. However, the equatorial forests … Read more

The natural zone of the taiga, or coniferous forests, occupies large areas in the north of the temperate zone. The summer here is quite warm, precipitation falls 300-600 mm. This is quite enough for the growth of trees. Since the zone of the taiga is full of permafrost, water can not infiltrate into the lower … Read more

Emerald greenery among the blue expanses of the Pacific Ocean are the islands of Oceania. Some scholars even consider this vast space as a separate part of the world. Exotic nature, mild, favorable climate for living, goodwill of the population contribute to the development of international tourism. High, forested mountains on some islands, white coral … Read more

Purpose: to learn how to solve and correctly formulate tasks for the definition of the world time; repeat the rules for determining the geographical coordinates of settlements on a degree grid. Visual aids: a map of Earth’s time zones, a political map of the world. Assignments: Using the world time zone map, solve the proposed … Read more

The structure of the earth’s crust. In the middle of XX century. among scientists there were discussions about what is hidden under the glacial armor of Antarctica: the ocean, the archipelago or the continuous continent. The final answer was given by studies of the earth’s crust. So it was established that the Earth’s crust of … Read more

Why is the large number of isotherms in the Far East closed? Closed isotherms are associated with mountain massifs, intermontane basins, which violate a smooth temperature decrease from south to north. How can one explain such sharp contrasts in the amount of precipitation in different parts of the Far East? This again is explained by … Read more

1. On which components of nature are the most clearly reflected features of the geographical location of North America? The peculiarities of the geographical location of North America most clearly reflect on such natural components as soils, vegetation and fauna. Compare the nature of the Canadian Arctic archipelago and the central regions of Mexico, and … Read more

1. In what direction is the Great Caucasus stretching? The Great Caucasus stretches in a sublatitudinal direction from the west-north-west to the east-south-east. 2. Which of the three parts is divided into the Main Caucasian Range? Several mountain ranges are distinguished in the Caucasus mountains. The axial part of the Caucasus is the Main and … Read more

1. Highlight the centers with the largest enterprises of ferrous metallurgy in the country. How can you explain their location? Compare the figure with the population density map. In the production of ferrous metals, Russia ranks 4th in the world after China, Japan and the United States, and the first place in exports. In Russia … Read more

While America and Australia were already open, the first round-the-world trip was carried out, the vast territories of Northern and Eastern Azines remained unknown to Europeans. In the XVI-XVII centuries. in the Russian state there were people who organized and took part in hikes through the Ural Mountains. They were called explorers. In less than … Read more

1. Why do you think information is considered a valuable “resource”? Give arguments in favor of such a statement. Information is information transmitted by people in an oral, written or other way. From the middle of XX century. information is a general scientific concept, including the exchange of information between people, a person and an … Read more

1. Show on the map the states with access to the Baltic Sea. Which of them are Russia’s neighbors on land, at sea? The states that have access to the Baltic Sea are often called the Baltic States. They are easier to remember, if you list from the north clockwise, looking at the political map … Read more

In North America, there are 490 million people, or more than 7% of the world’s population. This is 1.5 times more than in South America, but half as much as in Africa. The average population density is 20.2 people / km2, which is almost 2.5 times less than the world average. The territory of the … Read more

It is known that the Earth rotates around its axis and around the Sun. The axial movement is directed counter-clockwise. The period of complete revolution of the Earth around its axis lasts 23 hours 56 minutes 04 seconds. Around the Sun the Earth moves in an orbit having the shape of an ellipse. The total … Read more

1. What are the features of the geographical position of Antarctica? To determine the peculiarities of the geographical position of Antarctica, study the political and physical maps of the world. Set the position of the continent in relation to the equator, the initial meridian, the Southern Circle and the South Pole. On the political map, … Read more

Lakes. There are not many big lakes in South America. The largest of them is Maracaibo in the north of the mainland. The basin of this lake has a tectonic origin and is located in the crust of the earth’s crust. The lake connects with a narrow strait with the Caribbean Sea, for which it … Read more

The climate of Antarctica is the coldest and harsh on the globe. This is primarily determined by the geographic position of the continent and a significant height above sea level. In the central part of the city there is Polar Day, half a year – Polar Night. During the Polar day, the sun does not … Read more

Africa is the continent of heat, impenetrable thickets of equatorial forests, huge savannas and endless deserts. The uniqueness of nature is determined by the peculiarities of the location of Africa on our planet, that is, its physical and geographical position. Physico-geographical position – the location of the territory with respect to a variety of natural … Read more

The organic world of the Pacific Ocean is extremely rich and diverse. Only in its surface layer was found over a thousand species of microorganisms contained in plankton. One of the richest in species composition of organisms is located in the temperate zone of the Sea of ​​Japan. Coral reefs of tropical and equatorial latitudes … Read more

Due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis, each meridian of our planet has its own time, which does not coincide with the time of other meridians. It is called local, or solar time. Therefore, local time is the time on one meridian at the moment. But to use it is inconvenient, since, … Read more

How was the development of the Far East? Find the names of Russian researchers of the Far East in the names on the map. As in Siberia, many place names here have preserved the memory of the pioneers and explorers of the Far East:. M Dezhnev, the Bering Sea, Bering Island, Atlasova, Shelikhov Bay, Peninsula … Read more

1. Compare Siberia and the Far East with the European part of Russia in terms of natural conditions and natural resources. Make a conclusion. These regions have much in common, especially in contrast to the European territory of Russia. They are dominated by mountain areas, but there are vast lowlands. In Siberia, the lowlands are … Read more

The occurrence of minerals is associated with the geological structure of the continent. On the shields, where the crystalline rocks of the foundation of the platform come to the surface, and deposits of ore minerals are found in the folding belts of different ages. The so-called “copper belt”, which extends through all of East Africa … Read more

The coastline of Australia is poorly dissected, there are few bays and convenient bays for the construction of seaports and berths. They are located mainly in the east and south-east. While the world’s largest coral structure – the Great Barrier Reef stretching from north to south for 2 thousand km – is close to the … Read more

Africa is the hottest continent of the world. This is due primarily to the fact that most of its territory is in a hot thermal belt between the tropics. Here throughout the year the sun is high above the horizon and twice a year, anywhere in Africa between the North and South Tropics is at … Read more

The climatic features of the ocean are determined by its polar position. During the year over the ocean, the arctic air masses dominate. Most of the solar energy, which still reaches the arctic latitudes, is reflected by ice. The temperature of the ice surface changes with the air temperature, decreasing to -40 ° C during … Read more

1. From the course of national history, recall the reasons for the development of Siberia. What are the natural features of Siberia and why did it make it difficult and difficult to master it? “The history of Russia is the history of the country that is being colonized.” Russia has constantly expanded its territory. The … Read more

1. Which structure has the lithosphere? What phenomena occur on the boundaries of its plates? The lithosphere is heterogeneous in structure and consists of the earth’s crust and the upper part of the Earth’s mantle. The Earth’s crust is divided into oceanic and continental crust. The continental crust is much thicker than the oceanic crust … Read more

1. Which continents and oceans cross the equator, which are the initial meridian, and which are the meridian of 80 °. etc.? Show on the map the continents, which lie only in the Northern Hemisphere, in the South, in the South and North. To perform the first part of the task, it is enough to … Read more

The northern coast of the mainland occupies the zone of the tundra. In the west, its southern boundary runs along the Arctic Circle, and in the east direction it moves far to the south to the Hudson Bay. The climate in the tundra is subarctic. Summer in the tundra is short and cool. The soil … Read more

The surface area of ​​the globe is 510 million km2. Most of it is 361 million km2 – is occupied by the World Ocean, and on the land there are 149 million km2 of area. So, the oceans and continents are the largest natural complexes within the geographical envelope of our planet. The world’s ocean … Read more

In the first half of the XX century. The studies of Antarctica were episodic and were limited to individual expeditions. But from the second half of the 50’s. Regular surveys of the continent began at polar stations, which conduct a variety of scientific observations. The result of their work was the first atlas of Antarctica, … Read more

1. Natural complexes are very diverse. Which of them are called natural zones? The natural complex of land, as well as the complex of the geographical envelope as a whole, is a heterogeneous formation and includes natural complexes of lower ranks that differ in the quality of the components of the complex of natural components. … Read more

1. What economic regions are part of Central Russia? What do you think are the conditions that underlie the division of Central Russia into the Central, Central Black Earth and Volga-Vyatka regions? In Central Russia, there are 3 economic regions: Central, Central Black Earth and Volga-Vyatka. Their natural differences are underlined even in the names: … Read more