Geographical location and nature of the Urals
1. Determine the boundaries of individual parts of the Urals. How do they differ in height and location of mountain ranges?
Along the Ural Mountains, alternating low and elevated areas are observed. Thus, in the Neogene-Quaternary time, the basement of this structure was wavyly bent, reviving already almost completely destroyed mountains. There was a crushing and movement of individual blocks to different heights. The figure shows that the brown lines of the axial zones of ridges are interrupted – this means a decrease in the relief.
The middle and northern Urals stretch strictly meridionally, these are relatively low parts of the Urals. Behind them are higher – the Subpolar and Southern Urals, which have a direction from the southwest to the northeast. The lowest parts of the Urals – the Polar Urals and Pai-Khoi arc curved from south to north-west.
2. Find the highest relief points in the Northern, Southern and Middle Urals. What is the difference
The highest point of the Urals Mount Narodnaya is in the Subpolar part. Just below the North Ural Mountains with the summit of Telposis. This peak, with which the Northern Urals begins, is not on your scheme, find it on the map of the atlas. The Middle Urals is the most depressed part of the Urals between Mount Oslyanka in the north and the latitudinal section of the river. Ufa in the south. The average height here is 500-600 m. The southern Urals are high. Mount Yamantau reaches 1,640 m, and the difference in altitude in this part of the Urals is about 600 m.
3. How were the features of the relief of various parts of the Urals used in the construction of railways and highways?
Lowering in the relief was used for laying roads and railways. The roads now emphasize the division of the Urals into the Northern, Middle and Southern parts.
4. Compare the climatic conditions of the northern and southern regions of the Urals, Urals and Urals. How can one explain the difference in temperatures between July and January, the amount of precipitation?
The Urals
In the meridional direction from the seas of the Arctic Ocean and the steppes of Kazakhstan, the conditions for heat supply also change significantly. When moving to the north by 20, the angle of incidence of the sun’s rays decreases, namely, the heating of the surface depends on it. Thus, Pai – Khoy and the Polar Urals fall into the subarctic climatic belt, and the rest of the territory – into the temperate zone. These factors explain the differences in temperatures and precipitation in different parts of the Urals.
5. How do the density of the river network and the water content of the rivers of the western and eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains differ? Name and show on the map the rivers of the Urals.
The western slopes are more humid, so the density and water content of the rivers is higher here. Consider in detail the map of the Urals. On the western slopes Pechora and its tributaries Usa, Schuger flow down; Kama and its tributaries Kolva, Vishera, Kosva, Chusovaya; The White River and its tributary Ufa. On the eastern slope, the tributaries Obi Snya and Severnaya Sosva, flowing into Tobol Tavda, Tura, and Iset, bear their waters.
6. Which areas have the most favorable climatic conditions for agriculture?
For the agricultural sector the regions of the Southern Urals are the most favorable, however, droughts may occur there.
7. Using the maps, determine the common crops in the area.
These maps show the main areas of growing cereals and industrial crops.
In the south of the Urals, sunflower is grown on the eastern slopes, beginning with the Sverdlovsk region, and throughout the Southern Urals they receive high yields of wheat. In the west of the Sverdlovsk region, wheat crops are combined with rye crops.
8. Why do the tundra and taiga regions of the mountainous Urals stretch much farther south than in the neighboring plains?
Indeed, in the Urals, the boundaries of natural areas are somewhat displaced to the south. This is explained by the meridional arrangement of ridges. Arctic winds penetrate far to the south.
9. Explain the difference in the number and composition of high-altitude belts of different parts of the Urals.
The number of high-altitude belts depends on the height of the mountains and on the geographical location. The higher the mountains and the closer they are to the equator, the greater the number of high-altitude belts, which generally correspond to mountainous variants of latitudinal zones located to the north. Therefore, the maximum number of belts is observed in the Southern Urals, but they are much less than in the Caucasus, which is to the south and has a height of more than 5000 m.
10. Why are broad-leaved species, with the exception of lime, not common on the eastern slopes of the Urals?
On the eastern slopes of the Urals, the continental climate, i. e. colder than winter, less precipitation and snow cover thickness. Such conditions can not withstand the heat-loving broad-leaved species, which are most comfortable in the marine and temperate continental climate.
11. In what way do the differences in the nature of the Urals manifest themselves and how are they explained?
Differences in the nature of the Urals are manifested in a variety of climatic indicators, the change of natural zones and high-altitude belts from the south to the north and up the slopes.
12. Highlight the features of the geographical location of the Urals. Compare the economic and geographical position of the Urals and the Volga region. What is their similarity and difference?
Economic and geographical position of the Urals is also favorable, as well as the Volga region. The region is located at the junction of the economically developed European part of the country, where mineral resources are on the verge of exhaustion and the largest raw material zone in the east of Russia. Thus, the Urals is located between the main raw materials and fuel and energy resources and the main areas of production and consumption of finished products. This has a positive effect on the participation of the Urals in the interregional division of labor. If the Volga is the main axial region for the Volga region, then the Volga ridge is the same axis for the Urals. Only on it do not go traffic flows, on the contrary, the main highways of the Urals have a sub-latitude direction. The Urals and the Volga region are distinguished by the presence of mineral and forest resources.
The Urals are rich in metal minerals. These are primarily iron ores – Kachkanar, Kushva, Bakal, the High and Magnetic mountains, the Orsko-Khalilovskaya group of deposits; copper ore – Mednogorsk, Krasnouralsk, Kirovograd, Revda, Sibay, Gai, Karabash; bauxite deposits – Severouralsk, Suleya, Krasnaya Shapochka; nickel – Ufaley, Rezh; manganese ores – Midnight, chrome – Saranovskoe. Numerous placer and indigenous deposits of precious metals: gold, platinum, silver and diamonds. In the Urals there is a unique deposit of potassium salt – Verkhnekamskoye. Half of the territory is occupied by highly productive forests. Like the Volga region, the Urals is rich in oil and natural gas.
13. Write a geographical description of the Middle Urals. Identify the features of its economy-geographic location, natural conditions and resources, the location of protected areas.
For all these areas of the Urals, the general position within the Middle Ural mountains in a temperate continental climate, the richness of ore minerals, will be common. The Northern and Middle Urals belong to the taiga-tundra region, and the Southern one to the broad-leaved taiga. The most protected areas in the Southern Urals. This is the Ilmensky, South Ural, Bashkir nature reserves, the Shulgan-Tash reserve. Ilmen Reserve was founded in the eastern foothills of the Southern Urals, near Miass in 1920 as a mineralogical museum in the open air. About 200 kinds of minerals store its bowels, covered with pine and birch forests, as well as parts of the steppe. Here the spotted deer is acclimatized, the beaver population is restored. Ten years later in 1930 it was formed in the bend of the river. White Bashkir reserve. Pine, broad-leaved and pine-birch forests have been sheltered, brown bear, maral, roe deer, capercaillie, etc., the wild Bashkir bee whale is being studied and bred. In some places dry steppes with feather grass are developed. The natural park “Bashkiria” and the reserve “Shulgan-Tash” are located on the western slopes of the Southern Urals. The main attraction of the Southern Urals is the Kapova Cave. The corridors and grottoes formed in limestones and dolomites over 2 km in length are located on two floors. On the walls of the cave, late Paleolithic images of mammoths, rhinoceroses and horses were discovered. In the Middle Urals there are two small sanctuaries of Visim and Basseghi. And on the North there are Pechora-Ilychsky, Vishersky and Denezhkin Kamen. In some places dry steppes with feather grass are developed. The natural park “Bashkiria” and the reserve “Shulgan-Tash” are located on the western slopes of the Southern Urals. The main attraction of the Southern Urals is the Kapova Cave. The corridors and grottoes formed in limestones and dolomites over 2 km in length are located on two floors. On the walls of the cave, late Paleolithic images of mammoths, rhinoceroses and horses were discovered. In the Middle Urals there are two small sanctuaries of Visim and Basseghi. And on the North there are Pechora-Ilychsky, Vishersky and Denezhkin Kamen. In some places dry steppes with feather grass are developed. The natural park “Bashkiria” and the reserve “Shulgan-Tash” are located on the western slopes of the Southern Urals. The main attraction of the Southern Urals is the Kapova Cave. The corridors and grottoes formed in limestones and dolomites over 2 km in length are located on two floors. On the walls of the cave, late Paleolithic images of mammoths, rhinoceroses and horses were discovered. In the Middle Urals there are two small sanctuaries of Visim and Basseghi. And on the North there are Pechora-Ilychsky, Vishersky and Denezhkin Kamen. On the walls of the cave, late Paleolithic images of mammoths, rhinoceroses and horses were discovered. In the Middle Urals there are two small sanctuaries of Visim and Basseghi. And on the North there are Pechora-Ilychsky, Vishersky and Denezhkin Kamen. On the walls of the cave, late Paleolithic images of mammoths, rhinoceroses and horses were discovered. In the Middle Urals there are two small sanctuaries of Visim and Basseghi. And on the North there are Pechora-Ilychsky, Vishersky and Denezhkin Kamen.
14. Imagine that for guests, business people, tourists visiting the Urals, you were offered to make a list of memorable places reflecting the originality of the area, with the purpose of producing postcards, badges and other souvenirs. What objects would you include in such a list?
One of the main attractions of the Urals is the Kungur cave, located in the Middle Urals, on the bank of the river. Sylva, near the town of Kungur. In the gypsum and anhydrite corridors and grottoes were formed with a total length of 5.6 km. There are about 60 grottos and 60 lakes. This is one of the most visited tourist places, especially since it is located near the city-millionaire of Perm.
In addition to the reserves mentioned in the answer to the previous question, the nature features are well reflected and the national parks “Yugyd Va”, “Pripyshmen burs”, “Zyuratkul” are open for visiting.
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