The Daily Life of Byzantium

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1. Everyday life in the Moscow state. Description of the house, clothes, shoes, food Princes and boyars lived in mansions, townspeople – in houses of wooden logs. The poor were huddled in shacks without windows. In the house there was certainly a massive stove, often painted. She baked bread and cooked food. Glass windows first appeared in the XIV-XV centuries. in Moscow and Novgorod, and then only in the […]...
2. The daily life, customs and traditions of medieval China The Chinese lived in houses without a ceiling. There was almost no furniture in the dwellings. The yard looked like a small fortress. To enter without permission in a strange yard was forbidden – the owner could kick away an uninvited guest, even a “mandarin”. The Chinese wore simple, uniform clothes – trousers and belted […]...
3. Everyday life in Russia in the XIII-XV centuries. Home, clothes, food In XIII – XV centuries. noble people in Russia lived for the most part in the mansion – two or three-story buildings, first wooden, and later – stone, with porches and teremami. They were surrounded by tall wooden fences with gates and wickets. In the center of the courtyard, apart from the choir itself, there […]...
4. Daily life, customs and traditions of medieval India Well-off Indians lived in spacious homes that had a bathroom and a restroom. The house was furnished with armchairs, beds, the floor was covered with mats, carpets, animal skins. The poor people huddled in reed huts. Male and female clothes were protozoa. At home everyone walked half-naked, people wore a long shirt and a cloak. […]...
5. Holidays, shows, entertainment in Byzantium The Byzantines skillfully spent their leisure time. They celebrated Christian holidays, especially Easter, but they did not renounce “devil’s play” – pagan holidays and rituals. So, on the night of January 1, Calendas were celebrated, and a few days earlier – Brumalii, the shortest days of the year. Men dressed as women, women as men, […]...
6. Clothing and footwear in medieval Europe Medieval Europeans dressed warmer than the Romans, because the climate in Europe was colder, besides, the church considered the body “sinful” and demanded to carefully cover it. Europeans managed only with outer clothing. The main details were a linen shirt, short pants, a top shirt, a raincoat. Gradually it became fashionable to wear thick stockings […]...
7. Life in the times of Kievan Rus 1. What were the most ancient cities on our lands? The lands of Russia in 9-10 centuries. foreigners called the “country of hail”. “Grads”, that is, fortresses, were built of wood – they planted, hence the name – “garden”, or “hail”. The settlements gradually turned into cities. Large cities consisted of three parts. One of […]...
8. Society of Byzantium The Byzantine society consisted of aristocrats, officials, clergy, merchants, intellectuals, artisans, peasants and slaves. Vassal relations in it did not work out. Aristocrats lived at the expense of their estates, they despised craft and trade. Officials lived on state salaries, but more at the expense of bribes and robbery of the state. They climbed the […]...
9. Science in Byzantium. Wonders of technology The Byzantines respectfully treated science, which they called “philosophy.” To her, they enumerated theology, mathematics, natural history, ethics, politics, grammar, rhetoric, dialectics, astronomy, music and jurisprudence. Byzantine theologians made a significant contribution to the development of the Orthodox faith. In doing so, they relied on ancient philosophy, using, unlike the European scholastics, the work not […]...
10. Stormy VII-XI centuries of Byzantium. Iconoclasm Byzantium re-entered its “golden age”. From free peasants, she created a well-trained and armed army, built a strong fleet. However, she was constantly feverish: the struggle for the throne did not stop, quarrels among themselves, people’s riots and uprisings broke out, heretical movements arose. At the beginning of the VIII century. oil in the fire […]...
11. Byzantium in the VII-XI centuries. Iconoclasm At the turn of the VI-VII centuries. Byzantium quickly lost part of its possessions, both in the West and in the East. In the middle of the VII century. The Byzantine territory was halved compared to the time of Justinian. Now it increasingly took the form of a medieval state. Instead of the Roman title […]...
12. Ukrainian city in the 18th – first half of the 19th century 1. What was the Ukrainian city in the late 18th – early 19th century? In the 18th century. almost all towns and villages remained small settlements, which almost did not differ from villages. Their inhabitants were engaged not only in crafts and trade, but also in agriculture. From the last decades of the 18th century. […]...
13. The collapse of Byzantium. End of the Middle Ages Resurrected Byzantium was a weak state. She was feverishly stricken by the cruel struggle for the throne, one area after another vanished from her, her wind was walking in her treasury, she was mercilessly plundered by the Genoese merchant class. Of the external enemies, it was most of all pestered by the Italian Normans, the […]...
14. Byzantium in the 12th-15th centuries Foreign political failures intensified internal turmoil in the Byzantine Empire. In the course of the struggle for power, the military aristocracy won, which led Alexei I Komnin to the path. He became the founder of the Komnin dynasty, which ruled the state until 1185. It was a brilliant period in the history of Byzantium. Unlike […]...
15. Teaching and education in Byzantium In Byzantium, the career of an official was considered prestigious. It required a certain degree of education, which encouraged young people to learn. Education was not available to everyone, since there were few state schools, only clergy used to prepare church and monasteries, and private ones were paid. In addition, books were a luxury, not […]...
16. Housing and household utensils in medieval Europe The general appearance of housing and household utensils indicated the occupation and the status of the owners. The type of housing was influenced by geographical conditions. People then lived predominantly in the countryside. The villages, large and small, were located near the castle. In the mountainous areas, peasants could settle in hamlets. The peasant houses […]...
17. Slavs in medieval Europe. The influence of Byzantium on the Slavic culture An important role in the history of medieval Europe was played by the Slavs. They settled in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and were divided into western, eastern and southern. Slavic tribes lived during their stay and in the north of Europe – in the basin of the river. Laba, and on the Baltic coast. […]...
18. Food and drink in medieval Europe Food in the Middle Ages was fairly monotonous. Simple people – peasants and artisans – often ate rye bread, porridge, beans, turnips, cabbage or cereals, seasoned with onion and garlic. Traditional daily drinks were tinctures of forest berries, herbs, beer and wine. Meat spruce is rare, mainly for holidays. Occasionally used and dairy products. Quite […]...
19. Composition “Healthy way of life” Today, in society, more people are fighting for a healthy lifestyle. They do not smoke, exercise, do not eat harmful products. Their main goal is to save health in order to lead an active life and live longer. A healthy lifestyle includes several components. If a person wants to follow this way of life, he […]...
20. The Birth of Byzantium In 330, Emperor Constantine made the capital of the Roman Empire the city of Byzantium, located on the picturesque shores of the Bosphorus. The new capital was first called New Rome, and later – Constantinople, that is, “the city of Constantine.” VI Art. From the report of the medieval historian Jordan about the visit to […]...
21. The main events, information and facts on the topic “Europe, Byzantium, the Arab World” in the tables A country Prominent figures Developments Byzantine Empire 1) Justinian and Theodora 2) Leo III Isaurus 3) The Macedonian dynasty 4) Vasily II The Bulgarian 5) the Comnen dynasty 6) the Paleologic dynasty 1) the code of Justinian The uprising of “Nika” Church of St. Sophia 2) iconoclasm 3) “Golden Age” of the empire; The flowering […]...
22. Composition of a healthy life What is a healthy lifestyle? This is a way of life in which we do not harm our bodies. How can we harm our own body? Bad habits, improper sleep patterns, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle – all this is very harmful to us and can lead to big health problems. Some people do not understand […]...
23. Religious life and customs of medieval India At the beginning of our era, Buddhism in India is declining. During the VIII-XII centuries. Hinduism comes to replace it, That has established itself as a state religion. Among the many gods in Hinduism, the most respected are Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. They constitute the “Trimurti” – the triad of the main gods. In the […]...
24. Ukrainian village in the 18th – 19th centuries What was the Ukrainian village in the 18th – first half of the 19th century? The life of Ukrainian peasants has not changed since the previous times. As before, villages were founded near rivers and lakes, forming streets, on both sides of which were huts and vegetable gardens. The appearance and interior decoration of the […]...
25. Prince Oleg’s trip to Byzantium The earliest surviving ancient Russian chronicle to date, “The Tale of Bygone Years” begins with a story about the campaign of Prince Oleg to the city of Tsargrad. According to this historical document, one part of the prince’s army advanced on horses along the shore, and the other on the sea on two thousand ships, […]...
26. Life and leisure of citizens in medieval Europe. Burgers In the life of the urban lower classes, the features of peasant life and customs were preserved. Another thing – the life of rich burghers. The burghers increasingly preferred comfort and luxury, but did not show them off. Their houses they furnished with solid furniture. The life of a rich burgher hardly differed from the […]...
27. Nature in human life Nature teaches us to understand the beautiful. Love for one’s native country is impossible without love of her nature. KG Paustovsky Once I caught sight of NV Gogol’s lines: “The whole surface of the earth was represented by a green-gold ocean, according to which, to look at the whole Nature in human life plays both […]...
28. The Ukrainian city in the second half of 19 in What was the Ukrainian city in the second half of the 19th century? From the second half of the 19th century. In the life and way of life of the population of Ukraine, serious changes have taken place. The most notable of these changes were in large cities, which were increasingly exposed to European influence. […]...
29. How we worked in the garden My grandmother has a dacha: a plot of land of six hundred, on it – a house, a garden and a garden. All this is small, but there are many different vegetables, fruit-berry trees and shrubs growing there. There is enough work for everyone. Once on a Sunday summer day, my whole family – my […]...
30. “Summer is a little life” composition Summer is a wonderful time of the year, which is able to warm everyone with its warmth. This season is called to give planting and reverence. For every schoolboy – this is the most long-awaited time, a gift of fate for hard work throughout the school year. What can you do in the summer? Of […]...
31. “Technology of the future” composition My name is Darina and I’m 16 years old. Thinking about the coming changes on our planet, I’m pretty optimistic. As the technology is rapidly progressing, many new products may appear. For example, space telescopes will soon send photos of distant planets to the earth. Skyscrapers will become separate cities that have all the necessary […]...
32. The village in medieval Europe. The peasants Medieval Europe lived mainly at the expense of agriculture. Agriculture up to the XIX century. was primitive, the technique was not used. The tools of labor remained great-great. The earth loosened up somehow, it was not fertilized, nevertheless they wanted it to yield a good harvest. Of course, under such conditions, the yields were extremely […]...
33. Interesting details of the life and work of Charles Dickens Eyewitnesses said that when a ship came to New York to bring a new edition of a Dickens novel, it was met by a crowd of impatient readers, eager to learn the continuation of the adventures of loved heroes. “When Dickens ventured to read his works and met his readers face to face for the […]...
34. Summary “The Life of Theodosius of Pechersky” The pious parents of St. Theodosius lived in the city of Vasiliev. When they had a son, on the eighth day he was given a name, on the fortieth – they called him. Then the parents of the blessed moved to the city of Kursk. The boy grew up, went to church every day, avoided […]...
35. History of Khreshchatyk and its everyday life 1. What is the history of the central street of Kiev – Khreshchatyk? In Ukraine, probably, there is no person who would not know about this street. Khreshchatik belongs to the fame of the main street of Kiev, its symbol. Khreshchatyk is sung in verse and songs, is depicted in pictures, is shown in many […]...
36. The picture of the world and the way of life of a medieval man For each historical era, its perceptions and understanding of the environment are characteristic. In the Middle Ages, uneducated people relied on rumors, received knowledge from the stories of the elders of the role, legends and retellings. Sometimes it was difficult for them to tell the truth from fictions and fables. Little was known about other […]...
37. Society and the state of medieval China The Chinese have achieved certain successes in their economic life. They used vodochnepalnye devices for watering garden crops on the hills, collected two crops a year, learned how to grow tea bushes, sugar cane. Chinese peasants have mastered the valley of the Yangtze River, cutting down the local jungle and draining the swamps. But they […]...
38. Three classes: the clergy, chivalry and the peasantry. Who worked for whom in the Middle Ages? In the idea of ​​a medieval man, a properly organized society consists of three Estates – the clergy, chivalry and peasantry. XI century. From the work of Bishop Adalberon Lansky The community of believers is a single body, but the state consists of three bodies, because another law, human, distinguishes two great estates… One class […]...
39. Summary of “Life Tresor” Astafyev Trezor, a “motley dog ​​with large paws and a sleepy snout,” lies all day on the porch, dreaming to break into the house and stretch out under the table. He eats a dog from one bowl with cats, who obediently sit and wait until the formidable gentleman is satisfied. For greed, the hostess calls Trezor […]...
40. Clothing, footwear and jewelry in medieval Europe The clothing of people of the early Middle Ages was surprisingly monotonous. There were no big differences in the clothes of a nobleman and peasant, male and female clothes. It was based on short trousers and a linen shirt to the knees. Also put on another top shirt made of dense fabric, just below the […]...