The role of the atmosphere in the life of the Earth. Distribution of air temperature on Earth

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1. Climatic zones of the Earth The amount of solar radiation decreases from the equator to the poles, and the air masses are formed depending on the geographical latitude. Therefore, each latitude is characterized by its signs of climate. In this way, according to latitude, climatic belts are singled out – huge territories within which the main climate indicators hardly change. […]...
2. Regularities of Earth’s climate formation. What determines the climate? Man has long been interested in the peculiarities of climatic conditions and weather, trying to provide for dangerous natural phenomena and avoid them. It is known that the main causes on which the climate of a certain region depends – climate-forming factors – is the amount of solar radiation, the circulation of the atmosphere and […]...
3. Natural areas of Africa 1. On the map, determine in which climatic zones are tropical deserts and semi-deserts. To complete this task, you will need maps of natural zones and climatic zones. Determine in what climatic zones are these natural areas. Why did they form exactly in these climatic zones? The main reason is the average annual rainfall, typical […]...
4. Climatic zones of North America Because of the considerable length from north to south, North America is located in all climatic zones of the northern hemisphere, except equatorial. In the arctic climatic zone throughout the year, the cold and dry Arctic air prevails. Here the harsh winters and cold summers. In winter, a polar night reigns. The annual amount of […]...
5. Climatic zones of Australia The territory of Australia is located in three climatic zones: subequatorial in the north, tropical in the center and subtropical in the south. In the extreme north of the continent, a subequatorial climate is formed. In summer, during the period of the predominance of equatorial air masses, it is moist and warm. The average air […]...
6. Climatic zones and regions of Eurasia The great extent of Eurasia from north to south determines the formation over its territory of all types of air masses of arctic, temperate, tropical, equatorial. Therefore, the continent is located in all climatic zones of the northern hemisphere. The considerable length of the continent from west to east predetermines the difference in the climate […]...
7. Climatic zones and areas of South America As the equator passes through the northern part of South America, the continent is mainly located in the equatorial, subequatorial and tropical climatic zones. Only the southern part of the continent is in the subtropical and temperate zones. Equatorial air masses dominate in the equatorial climate zone during the year and an area of ​​low […]...
8. Climatic Belt of Africa Since the equator crosses Africa almost in the middle, the climatic zones are repeated on its territory twice: to the north and south from the equator. The equatorial climate belt covers the coast of the Gulf of Guinea and the basin of the Congo. It is also called the “eternal summer” belt. Here constantly high […]...
9. The interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere and the land 1. How is heat and moisture exchanged between the ocean and the land? The waters of the World Ocean interact with the air of the atmosphere and through the transfer of air masses affect the temperature and humidity on the land surface. 2. What is the difference between air masses formed over land and ocean? […]...
10. Influence of geographical latitude on the climate of Eurasia The climate of Eurasia is very diverse. The north of the continent lies beyond the Arctic Circle, the southern parts – between the Southern Tropic and the equator. This determines the location of Eurasia in all thermal and climatic zones of the Earth. As in North America, with the progress from north to south, the […]...
11. Patterns of the distribution of natural areas in Eurasia Since the territory of Eurasia lies in all climatic zones of the Northern Hemisphere, all natural zones known on the planet were formed here. On the mainland, in contrast to North America, the latitude zonation of natural zones is more apparent, that is, their change from the equator to the poles. In addition, due to […]...
12. Regularities of the change of natural complexes of land and ocean In the fact that there are different natural complexes on land and in the Ocean, one can be convinced by realizing an imaginary journey along one of the meridians from north to south. Such a change of natural complexes can be traced on all continents. Its main cause on the plains is the change in […]...
13. Waters of the World Ocean 1. What determines the salinity of ocean waters? The world ocean – the main part of the hydrosphere – is a continuous water shell of the globe. The waters of the World Ocean are heterogeneous in composition and differ in salinity, temperature, transparency and other signs. The salinity of the waters in the ocean depends […]...
14. Geographic patterns 1. What are the specific patterns of location on the Earth: a) temperatures; b) precipitation; c) plants and animals. The patterns of location on Earth of temperatures, precipitation, plants and animals are associated with the geographical law of zoning. When moving from the equator to the poles, the conditions for obtaining heat and moisture by […]...
15. Relief of the Earth 1. What is a relief? What are the reasons for its diversity? To answer the second question, it is necessary to imagine how the relief is formed, what forces contribute to the occurrence of unevenness on the Earth’s surface, how the internal and external influences during the formation of the relief differ from place to […]...
16. Zone and azonal natural complexes of the Earth It is impossible to understand the world around us, studying only its separate parts. In nature, everything is interconnected, woven into one whole by thousands of visible and invisible threads. Unravel this tangle and understand the unity of air, water, soil, plants and animals, see the harmony in this, at first glance, chaos and trying […]...
17. Natural areas of South America 1. What are the features of the similarities and differences between the natural zones of South America and Africa. You already know that distinguishing features of similarities and differences is a method of comparison. Carefully study the maps of the natural areas of South America and Africa. Performing task 2 after 42, you compared the […]...
18. Features of the climate of Australia Australia is the driest continent of the world. Rainfall here is five times less than in Africa, and air temperatures are also high. This is due to the influence of a number of climate-forming factors. Australia receives a large amount of solar energy, because its territory extends in tropical latitudes. The northern part of the […]...
19. The climate of Antarctica The climate of Antarctica is the coldest and harsh on the globe. This is primarily determined by the geographic position of the continent and a significant height above sea level. In the central part of the city there is Polar Day, half a year – Polar Night. During the Polar day, the sun does not […]...
20. Central Black Earth region of Russia 1. The objects being compared should have something in common. In this case, the two economic regions bordering each other are called “Central”. The comparison must have a goal. For example, find out the cause of the differences or determine the consequences. Comparison can pursue a practical goal or a theoretical, scientific one. The purpose […]...
21. The structure of the earth’s crust of North America North America along with Eurasia is the remnant of the ancient continent of the northern hemisphere of Laurasia, which began to split into modern continents at the end of the Mesozoic era about 100 million years ago. The oldest and largest in area tectonic structure of North America is the North American platform, which is […]...
22. Distribution of water resources in Eurasia. River basins Distribution of water resources on the mainland. Due to significant climatic differences in Eurasia, the water of the dry land is very unevenly distributed on its territory. Their thickest network is observed on the ocean coasts. With the advance deep into the continent, the number of reservoirs decreases. But the level of water supply in […]...
23. Deserts and semi-deserts of Eurasia In the most remote from the oceans parts of Central Asia and the Arabian Peninsula, where precipitation is a rarity, a zone of deserts and semideserts stretches. It lies in the continental climatic regions of temperate, subtropical and tropical belts. The largest deserts of the temperate zone are the Karakum, Kyzylkum, Takla-Makan and Gobi. Here, […]...
24. Common features of Africa’s climate Africa is the hottest continent of the world. This is due primarily to the fact that most of its territory is in a hot thermal belt between the tropics. Here throughout the year the sun is high above the horizon and twice a year, anywhere in Africa between the North and South Tropics is at […]...
25. Interesting facts on the topics “Earth movement and time zones”, “Relief and its formation”, “Climate” If the Earth was always facing the Sun with one side, like the Moon to the Earth, there would not be a change of day and night, summer and winter. There would be two conditional hemispheres – “daylight” and “night”. Life on such a planet would stop. Owing to a sharp change in temperature, the […]...
26. Forming the climate of South America The climate of South America is similar to the climate of other continents of tropical latitudes – Africa and Australia, although here the territories with dry climate are much smaller. By the amount of precipitation, no continent can compete with South America. All these features are determined by a number of climate-forming factors. Like other […]...
27. Inner waters of Africa 1. Prove, using the example of the Zambezi River and the lakes of Tanganyika and Chad, that rivers and lakes depend on terrain and climate. In order to prove the dependence that exists between the inland waters and the relief, it is necessary to trace the nature of the flow of rivers and the shape […]...
28. Geological structure, minerals and climate of Oceania The geological structure of the islands of Oceania and their origin are closely related to the structure of the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. In the west of the Pacific, the Pacific and Indo-Australian plates converge, forming uplifts. In the places of their collision, earthquakes and volcanism are observed. Most of the islands of Oceania […]...
29. The interaction of nature and society 1. Explain why the bulk of the world’s population lives on the plains and along the shores of the seas and oceans. On the plains, as well as along the shores of the seas and oceans, the most favorable natural conditions for the life and economic activities of people are created. 2. What climatic zones […]...
30. The role of unicellular animals in nature and in human life A large number and wide distribution characterize unicellular animals as animals that play a significant role in nature. Free-living protozoa occupy an important place in the circulation of substances in the biosphere. Aquatic protozoa constitute the main part of plankton, they are used for food by larger animals. Many, feeding on suspended organic particles and […]...
31. The geographical position of Africa, its research 1. What are the characteristics of the geographical position of Africa? Features of the geographical location of the continent Africa is easy to establish by looking at the map. Africa is the only continent that is divided by the equator into almost equal parts. A significant territory of the continent is located between the North […]...
32. Scheme of surface currents 1. Find in the text an explanation of the causes of ocean currents. What general rule is the movement of the main currents subject to? You already know that currents form in the seas and oceans, which are peculiar rivers in the ocean. If you compare a map showing the main directions of wind currents, […]...
33. Sources of geographical knowledge. Maps of continents and oceans Knowledge of the Earth did not arise suddenly. They accumulated for thousands of years in many countries, ranging from Sumer and Egypt. Especially the geographical knowledge expanded after the voyages of X. Columbus and F. Magellan, that is, in the era of the Great geographical discoveries. Researchers described the nature of new lands, living conditions […]...
34. The definition of time on Earth. Time Zones Due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis, each meridian of our planet has its own time, which does not coincide with the time of other meridians. It is called local, or solar time. Therefore, local time is the time on one meridian at the moment. But to use it is inconvenient, since, […]...
35. Natural conditions of the Caucasus 1. In what direction is the Great Caucasus stretching? The Great Caucasus stretches in a sublatitudinal direction from the west-north-west to the east-south-east. 2. Which of the three parts is divided into the Main Caucasian Range? Several mountain ranges are distinguished in the Caucasus mountains. The axial part of the Caucasus is the Main and […]...
36. General features of the location of natural areas of the southern continents. Their soil map 1. What are the features of the geographic location of the southern continents? A feature of the geographic location of the southern continents can be considered their partial or complete location in the Southern Hemisphere. This situation determines the features of the climate, the combination of natural zones, the nature of human activity on the […]...
37. The structure of the earth’s crust of Africa The relief depends on the structure of the earth’s crust, which was formed for a long time. Under the influence of internal and external processes, the main tectonic structures of Africa emerged and deposits of various minerals were formed to the origin. Covered 2-3 billion years ago, Africa’s high mountain systems under the influence of […]...
38. Relief and minerals of North America 1. Explain the location of large relief forms on the mainland. Why are the Cordilleras located in the west of the mainland? Map the physical map of North America with a map of the structure of the earth’s crust. The North American platform is expressed in relief by the Central and Great Plains, and the […]...
39. Plan for the study of the continent Physico-geographical position: the area of ​​the continent, its location relative to the equator, the zero meridian, the tropics and polar circles, seas and oceans, other continents; extreme points; the length of the continent from north to south and from west to east. History of discovery and exploration of the continent. The structure of the earth’s […]...
40. Forms of relief of the earth’s surface and their formation It is difficult to imagine that in comparison with the real dimensions of the Earth on this model – a globe with a diameter of 1 m – the dimensions of the highest mountain systems and the deepest depressions would not exceed 1 mm. And the ego with the fact that the real maximum elevation […]...