Russian Peredvizhniki artists
At the head of the Russian national school of democratic painting in the second half of the XIX century were artists who united in the “Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions.” It included IN Kramskoy, IE Repin, VI Surikov, VG Perov, VD Polenov, AK Savrasov, II Shishkin, VM Vasnetsov, AI Kuindzhi, II Levitan and others. They were influenced by the progressive views of Russian writers-democrats VG Belinsky and NG Chernyshevsky. The official date of the formation of the Partnership is 1870. However, its history goes back to the 60s, the period of aggravation of the political struggle in Russia in connection with the abolition of serfdom in 1861.
In 1863 in the Petersburg Academy of Arts there was a riot: fourteen artists graduated from the Academy and created their art team. They worked together, went all over Russia and painted from life. From the very backwoods, artists brought small pictures depicting the harsh truth of life: poor villages with huts covered with
According to the beliefs of artists of a new direction, painting should be a truthful, realistic reflection of the people’s life, showing the plight of the poor and calling for justice. The advanced realistic art in Russia has always been associated with the democratic movement.
Artists, innovators believed that their paintings should be exhibited not only in the capital, but also in remote corners of Russia, in the provinces. And they arranged exhibitions, which were transported from city to city. Therefore, their commonwealth and received the name “Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions”, and the participants themselves are called Wanderers. Peredvizhniki entered the history of Russian culture as fine masters of painting, they gave Russia Repin and Surikov.
For the artists of the Wanderers, the everyday genre became a favorite. In this respect, pictures of VG Perov are typical. For example, his canvas “Three”. The Russian word “troika” evokes the idea
Not only the content of the picture, but the very nature of painting is not like the ceremonial secular art: there are no bright, cheerful colors; The meager means of expression, as it were, emphasize the desperation of the life of the poor, the hopelessness of poverty.
Great importance was given to the artists-peredvizhniki portraits, which allowed them to reveal the character of a person, his emotional experiences. Brushes of the Wanderers belong to many portraits of Russian writers, artists, public figures. At the same time it is interesting to emphasize that the Wanderers painted portraits of people from the people. I. N. Kramskoy created a whole gallery of portraits of Russian peasants.
A significant place in the artistic heritage of the Wanderers is occupied by landscape painting.
The founder of the Russian national landscape was AK Savrasov. His painting “The Rooks Arrived” was a huge success at one of the traveling exhibitions. Exceptionally accurately selected and placed on the canvas all the details: in the foreground of the birch, dotted with rookery nests. In the distance, behind the bell tower of the village church, darkened spring fields. On the right is a pond in which ice has already melted. In the snow there are light blue shadows from the trees. And against the background of a light blue sky – packs of rooks, these are the first messengers of spring. In all the warmth is felt. It seems that the trees are awakened to life, and the air breathes in the spring, the bird scare seems alive. All this gives the landscape a special vitality. In his outwardly unremarkable appearance, the nature of Savrasov bears true poetry.
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