Myths of Scandinavia. Runes

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1. The Spiritual World of Northern European Nations in the Middle Ages The Scandinavians were pagans. Their mythology is a collection of stories about the warlike gods who lived in Asgard – the Scandinavian Olympus. In Asgard, three major gods dominated – One, Thor and Freyr. The Supreme God was One – the god of war and wisdom. He was one-eyed, because he gave the second eye […]...
2. Summary “Ancient Greek Myths” There is not a single nation that does not have its own idea of ​​the universe, the gods that rule life, and also their struggle for power and influence. Myths of Ancient Greece, a brief summary of which we will consider in this article, are also special because they pay much attention to a person. […]...
3. Summary “Myths of Ancient Greece” The ancient Greeks were an active and energetic people, not afraid to learn the real world. The boundless thirst for knowledge overwhelmed their fear of an unknown danger. The creation of myths was the first step of man to creativity and self-knowledge. Gradually from different stories originated in various areas of the Greek land, there […]...
4. Summary “Ancient Myths” The ancient Greeks today are considered teachers of the whole Old World. They laid the foundations of science, sport, democratic state system, art and literature. Many of their knowledge came to us through ancient myths, which explained the universe and the order of things, coincidence of circumstances and other inexplicable facts. Very interesting is the […]...
5. Normans in the Middle Ages The Scandinavian peninsula is almost 2,000 km deep in Europe. Long ago it was inhabited by the northern Germanic tribes, which in Western Europe were called Normans, that is, “people of the North”. Of these, Danes, Swedes and Norwegians separated, who later formed their states. Most of the Scandinavian Peninsula was occupied by forests and […]...
6. What is a myth In the folklore of all the peoples of the world there are myths. The roots of the word “myth” stretch from ancient Greece – it means “legend, legend.” Myths are the cradle of humanity. They arose in the extreme antiquity, when people were not yet able to scientifically explain the phenomena of nature, the structure […]...
7. Definition of a myth Myth – (from the Greek mythos – legend – legend), a narrative about gods, spirits, deified heroes and ancestors, originated in primitive society. The myths intertwine the early elements of religion, philosophy, science and art. Myths of different peoples have similar and repetitive themes and motives. The most typical myths about the origin of the […]...
8. Legends and Myths of Germany One of the myths of German folklore tells of a young man named Krabat. The description of this fascinating and magically covered story belongs to the pen of Otfried Proysler. Legend has it that in the east of Germany, in the places where the Lusatian Slavs lived, there was a mill, which was notorious among […]...
9. Slavs in medieval Europe. The influence of Byzantium on the Slavic culture An important role in the history of medieval Europe was played by the Slavs. They settled in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and were divided into western, eastern and southern. Slavic tribes lived during their stay and in the north of Europe – in the basin of the river. Laba, and on the Baltic coast. […]...
10. Myths of the Slavs on the Creation of the World The Slav myth of the creation of the world narrates that it all began with the God of the Kind. Before the white light was born, the world was enveloped in pitch darkness. In the darkness there was only the Rod – the Ancestor of all that exists. The genus was in the beginning enclosed […]...
11. Myth and fairy tale The folk art of the word – heroic epic, fairy tales, myths, legends, songs, proverbs, riddles – is called folklore, which means wisdom, knowledge. Indeed, in all these literary genres, the wisdom of the people is simple, concise and clear. Originated in ancient times, works of oral folk art accompany us now, in everyday life. […]...
12. Christianization of Europe At the end of the IV century. the emperors Constantine I and Theodosius I turned the Roman Empire into Christianity. At the same time, some barbarian tribes on the territory of the empire became Christians. At the end of the 5th c. baptized Francs, later – Visigoths, tribes of the Iberian Peninsula, Lombards, separate tribes […]...
13. “The Age of Vikings.” Hiking Attacks of Scandinavians continued intermittently from the end of the VIII century. and until the second half of the 11th century. In France, the “northern people” were known under the name of the Normans, in England they were called the Danes, in Byzantium – varangas, in Russia – by the Varangians. In the Scandinavian warriors […]...
14. Races and peoples of Africa The main part of the inhabitants of the mainland is the indigenous population, belonging to the three races – Caucasoid, Negroid and Mongoloid. Representatives of the Caucasoid race live mainly in the north of Africa. These are samples and Berbers, who in ancient times moved here from Asia. They are characterized by dark skin, dark […]...
15. The world significance of the Russian language The significance of the Russian language is very important, it is explained by the fact that it acts in different conditions and as the native language of the Russian people, both as the state language of the Russian Federation and as one of the world languages ​​of communication in the near and far abroad. World […]...
16. The Importance of the Russian Language in the Modern World As you know, our mother tongue is the most difficult language of the world. It contains many rules, vocabulary, grammar, stylistics. Russia is the biggest country in the world. There are many nationalities and peoples in it, who have their own native language, passing from generation to generation. Russian is helping to understand each other. […]...
17. The International Importance of the Russian Language Mini-compositions on the Russian language and literature The Russian language is the national language, the language of science and culture. Famous poets and writers: Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy, Chekhov and others created the Russian language, developed it and multiplied its merits, thanks to them we got the language we speak now, they made it clear and […]...
18. Schools of medieval Europe The first educational institutions of the Middle Ages were monastery, parafial and cathedral schools. However, they usually taught only one teacher, or a master, as his contemporaries called it. He passed the entire course of study with every schoolboy. In schools, students studied “seven free arts.” It was a system of objects, from two levels. […]...
19. The life of an ancient man How did the ancient people live? The life and way of life of ancient people arouses considerable curiosity. To us, children of the modern world with all its benefits and high technologies, it is difficult to understand how the life of people who had nothing at their disposal but natural resources was built. In this […]...
20. The problem of preserving the Russian language Have you ever thought about the importance of your native language in the life of a Russian person? About this in his journalistic article argues literary critic S. Kaznacheev. The author raises the problem of the development and preservation of the Russian language, the use of words or symbols that belong to foreign languages, namely […]...
21. Legacy of the Middle Ages People study the past in order to better understand the present, make fewer annoying mistakes and, as far as possible, foresee the future. But does the Middle Ages have any relation to the present? It turns out, has, and the most direct. It was in the Middle Ages that modern states and peoples appeared in […]...
22. Do I need to know more than one language? Anyone who does not know a foreign language does not know his own. V. Goethe I consider the knowledge of several languages ​​other than my native language necessary. And the more a person knows languages, the more opportunities he has. Some people learn languages ​​because they need it for work, others travel abroad. Everyone who […]...
23. Summary of the “Myth of Osiris” Among the main gods, the Egyptians especially singled out a married couple – Osiris and Isis. Osiris was revered for teaching the Egyptians various crafts, treatment, showing how to build cities and houses, to grow cereals and grapes. Isis was the goddess of fertility. It was addressed to women with the help of the birth […]...
24. Roman and barbarian worlds in the middle of the first millennium The collapse of the Roman Empire, on whose ruins medieval Europe was born, was caused by a prolonged decline in the economy. Agriculture and crafts did not develop, land was not cultivated. The power of the emperors gradually weakened. The crisis deepened in the spiritual life of the Roman state. Together with the elimination of […]...
25. The Legacy of the Middle Ages The era of the Middle Ages is long gone. However, it should not be forgotten that it was in the Middle Ages that the foundation of the modern world was laid. The Middle Ages largely changed the map of Europe, since most European and Asian states arose. European nations were formed and languages ​​were formed, […]...
26. General characteristic of the literature of the Middle Ages Literature of the Middle Ages, briefly described, in the era of the IV to XV century, due to its existence, three sources: 1. folklore – it included ritual and labor songs, tales, epics; 2. ancient literature – especially the works of Virgil and Ovid; 3. Christianity – Holy Scripture, Lives of Saints, religious songs and […]...
27. The racial makeup of the North American population The modern racial composition of the population of North America was formed after the colonization of the continent by Europeans. It is in many respects similar to the racial makeup of South America. Prior to the colonization of the continent, North America was inhabited by numerous tribes that came from Northeast Asia on the ice […]...
28. Basic facts on the topic “Physiographic location, discovery, study and relief of Eurasia” The physiographic position of Eurasia is determined by its size, a large extent from west to east and from north to south. Eurasia lies in all climatic belts of the Earth. It is the only continent that is washed by the waters of all four oceans. The coastline of the continent is strongly dissected, there […]...
29. Karl Bald, Ludwig German, Lothar. Treaty of Verdun Although Charlemagne seems to have done everything to strengthen his state, it still proved to be unviable. He was weakened by rebellious feudal lords, whom the emperor had to force to submit to obedience. And most importantly, the tribes and peoples who inhabited the empire lived on their own and did not want to obey […]...
30. Carolingians. Karl Martell, Pepin the Short, Charlemagne. Reconstituted Empire The first Carolingians were still majordomami with “lazy kings”. The most notable figure among them was Carl Martell. In 732, Carl Martell in the Battle of Poitiers defeated the Arabs and, perhaps, saved Europe from this Arab invasion. This battle convinced Karl Martell that it was time to replace the militiamen with warriors-horsemen in the […]...
31. Medieval Kingdom The process of origin and formation of medieval states was long and difficult. Its origins come from the period of the disintegration of the tribal system among the Germanic tribes. In those days, the attributes of power – the crown and the scepter – were not yet there, so the chosen among the other warriors […]...
32. Migration, epidemics, war and famine in the Middle Ages In the Middle Ages Europe was inhabited by Greeks, Romance peoples, Celts, Thracians, Germans, Balts, Slavs, Finno-Ugrians, and Asian and African minorities. In the V-XI centuries. the tribes and peoples of Europe have already sufficiently mixed up among themselves. Medieval people were restless. The merchants, schoolchildren, students, beggars, tramps, monks, pilgrims, masters, artists, singers, etc., […]...
33. Ancient civilization There are high cultures that have accumulated many interesting discoveries, created masterpieces of literature and art, but at the same time they did not aspire to transfer their achievements to neighboring peoples. Such peaks of civilizations as ancient China. India or the Persian kingdom. surrounded by a sea of ​​savage, barbaric tribes, lived for themselves. […]...
34. Composition of peoples friendship Russia is a huge state, the largest in the world. It is inhabited by more than 143 million inhabitants. In Russia there are more than 160 different nationalities of people. You can hear more than 100 different languages ​​in Russia. The Republics, which are located on the territory of Russia, establish their own state languages […]...
35. The conquest of Rus by the Mongol-Tatars. Genghis Khan. Baty Russia split into separate princedoms very inopportunely when the great Eurasian steppe came to life, where many nomadic tribes lived. At the beginning of the XIII century. the Mongols of Central Asia chose Khan Temucin as their talented commander and organizer. He was called Genghis Khan – “the ruler of the world.” Thus, a young […]...
36. Pre-Islamic Paganism The people of Arabia have long worshiped many gods – both their own and others. Christians and Jews lived in Arabia, and those who were idolized, but did not believe in the same God. Most of all there were Arab-pagan Arabs in Arabia. They worshiped tribal gods and stone pillars, which they considered to be […]...
37. The First Turkish States With another neighbor, Turkey, the historical fate of Ukraine in the Middle Ages was closely linked. Around 1000, the nomadic tribes of the Seljuk Turks swept over Europe from the plains of Kazakhstan. They conquered Central Asia, Persia, Syria and Iraq, and soon – Armenia and Byzantium. In 1071, in battle near the fortress of […]...
38. Languages ​​of Africa The majority of the Sinjic languages ​​of Africa have two distinctive features: they have musical tones (the number of them can go up to nine) and a special system of classes of nouns. Musical tones help distinguish words in Chinese, and in African, and in a number of Austrian languages. About grammatical classes worth telling […]...
39. Population and political map of Oceania The settlement of the islands of Oceania began many millennia ago. There are various hypotheses of the origin of the peoples of Oceania. Some scientists believe that the settling of the islands began the representatives of the equatorial race from the Eurasian mainland. Others, for example, the Norwegian scientist Thor Heyerdahl, argue that Oceania was […]...
40. Summary Jarl Hakon AG Helenshleger Yarl Hakon Norway end of X century. Jarl Hakon, who has conquered his country, dreams of royalty: he wants to turn from a jarl-a free and eminent military leader-into a king whose power is sanctified by a dynastic tradition and a people’s habit, that is, indisputable. But on the way to the yarl […]...