Essay

Main events, facts and facts on the topic “Religious and cultural life of medieval Europe” in the tables

756 – the foundation of the Papal States with the center in Rome.

1054 – schism – the division of the church into the Catholic and Orthodox.

The Cluny movement and the reform activities of Pope Gregory VII:

    The election of Pan Roman by the conclave of the Cardinals; The introduction of the vow of celibacy for priests; Cancel the secular investment.

Crusades – the aggressive campaigns of Europeans to the east in order to save the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem. Reason – the request of the Byzantine Emperor Alexis I Komnin to help in the fight against the enemies of the Christians of the Seljuk Turks.

Purpose of the Crusades:

The seizure of new territories in the East, enrichment; the desire of the church to strengthen the influence of Catholicism in the East, the acquisition of wealth; attempt of the peasants to obtain land and personal freedom

Consequences of the Crusades:

The loss of popularity of the crusade; the deterioration of relations between the Christian church and Islam; destruction of historical and cultural monuments of the East; conquest and destruction of Constantinople; significant sacrifices among the population; acquaintance of Europeans with new agricultural cultures, crafts, positive changes in everyday life.

The dates of the Crusades:

First: 1096-1099;

Second: 1147-1149;

Third: 1189-1192;

Fourth: 1202-1204;

Fifth: 1217-1221;

Sixth: 1228-1229;

Seventh: 1248-1254;

Eighth: 1270.

Monastic orders

Medieval culture of Western Europe

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