The first map, which depicted Europe, Asia and part of Africa, was made by the ancient Greek scientist Eratosthenes of Cyrene. She was very imperfect. The land occupied most of the map. The Bosphorus is the narrowest intercontinental strait in the world. Its width is 750-3700 m. The name means “bullish ford”. The Kerch Strait, connecting the Black and Azov Seas, is the smallest in the world: in its navigable part it is 5-15 m deep. The biggest archipelago in the world is the Sunda Islands. It consists of 10,000 islands. The highest mountain system of Eurasia and the world – the Himalayas – consists of several parallel ridges that extend from northwest to southeast for 2400 km. The highest of them is the Main Himalayan Range. Here there are 11 highest peaks of the world, whose height exceeds 8000 m. If the stones of the Himalayas were scattered evenly over the entire surface of the Earth, then its average height would rise to 18-20 m. The highest point of Eurasia
and the world of Jomolungma was first conquered on May 29, 1953 by the New Zealander Edmund Hillary and the local resident Norgai Tenzings in the English expedition John Hait. The world’s first night ascent to Everest was carried out by Ukrainians Sergey Bershov from Kharkov and Mikhail Turkevich from Donetsk. In Eurasia is the highest plateau of the world – Tibet. It covers an area of about 2 million km2, which almost corresponds to the area of Greenland, or four territories of Ukraine. The average height of Tibet is about 4000 m, and some ridges rise to six – and seven kilometer marks. Tibet is a high desert, there are geysers and hot springs. Most of all volcanoes on the Pacific coast of Eurasia. These are volcanoes of Kamchatka. The Kuril Islands. Japanese, Philippine, Sunda Islands. Only 199 Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands are concentrated on volcanoes, including 67 active ones. The eruption of the Bezymyanny volcano in Kamchatka in 1955 was the most powerful in the 20th century. Ashes, thrown by the volcano, reached the British Isles. Iceland is a country of extinct and active volcanoes.
The heat of volcanoes heats groundwater to a temperature of 100 ° C. On the island there are hundreds of sources of hot water. The energy of the geysers sets in motion the turbines of power stations, heats the houses, greenhouses grow cucumbers, tomatoes, lemons, bananas, and flowers. The capital of Iceland Reykjavik is one of the cleanest cities in the world. The largest nugget of platinum is found in the Middle Urals in Russia. Its weight is 9,639 kg. And the world’s largest jewelry sapphire is found in Myanmar. His weight was 12. 6 kg. The longest river in Europe is the Volga. In different nations and at different times it had different names. The Greeks called the river Ra, the Tatars – Itil, but the ancient Slavonic name, which means “damp”, took root. The Danube is the second longest river in Europe. Although the ancient Greek scholar Herodotus considered the Danube the longest river in the world, it turned out that he was only the 13th in Eurasia and the 26th among the rivers of the planet. This “swift river” crosses 9 countries of Europe, therefore it is a symbol of the brotherhood of nations. On its shores are the capitals of four European countries: Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest and Belgrade. The first place in the number of lakes among the states of the world is occupied by Sweden and Finland. Lakes constitute 9% of their territory. The world’s longest shipping channel is the Grand Canal in China. Its total length is 1728 km. It functions from the XIII century., but began to be built in the VI. BC. e. In the forests of tropical Asia, the longest plant in the world grows – the Indian rattan palm-liana. Its stem reaches 300 m in length. The northernmost massif of the forest on the planet is on the Taimyr peninsula amid the ice arctic desert zone. Trees here reach 4-7 m in height. Scientists still can not explain this extraordinary phenomenon. The most enduring tree in the world is the Schmidt birch growing in the Far East in Russia. Its wood is stronger than cast iron 1.5 times. The only birds that breed chicks in winter in severe frosts are those who live in the Asian taiga. This is explained by the fact that the main food of these birds are the seeds of cones that mature at the beginning of winter. The emblem of the World Wildlife Fund is a bamboo panda bear. Now these animals are less and less common because of the cutting of bamboo forests. It is estimated that there were about 1000 individuals left in pandas. Chinese law prohibits hunting for pandas. This bear feeds on bamboo shoots, eating them up to 20 kg per day. Panda walks on four paws, climbs trees well, but does not go into hibernation, like other bears.
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