The unification of the Arabs and the beginning of the Muslim conquests
With the death of Muhammad, the question arose of his successor. Since, according to the teachings of Islam, there could be no other prophets after Muhammad, the new head of the Muslim community and
Byzantine society
Byzantine society was very colorful: aristocrats, officials, intellectuals, clergy, merchants, artisans, peasants and slaves. Aristocrats performed certain public duties in combination with a pleasant rest. Mental labor involved employees of state and church institutions,
Strengthening of royal power in Europe
Feudal disunity in Europe could not last forever because it quickly fed everyone. The unending feuds between the great feudal lords, with shaky royalty, cost the society dearly, because they were waged by the
Judicial power in medieval Europe
Medieval Europe lived by written laws. At the dawn of the Middle Ages in the territory of the former Roman Empire, the court was carried out according to the collections of laws – barbaric
The struggle of the Swiss for independence. The origins of European democracy
Political changes in Germany continued. In it, in particular, the Swiss Union was formed. This took care of the Alpine shepherds, who rebelled against the Habsburgs. The beginning of the Swiss struggle for independence
Church in the XIV-XV centuries
In the XIV-XV centuries. The royal power grew very strong and took control of the local church. French King Philip IV Beautiful even moved the papal capital from Rome to the French city of
Public Administration and Society of North-Eastern Russia
The most important institution of state government in Russia in the pre-Mongol period was the prince’s power. The prince was not only the supreme ruler of the country or the land, but also the
The most outstanding events of Kievan Rus. Princes of Kievan Rus: Oleg, Olga, Svyatoslav, Vladimir
Byzantium – a powerful state of the time with the capital of Constantinople, whose lands stretched along the southern coast of the Black Sea. Rus and Byzantium had long-standing ties, primarily trading. It was
The strengthening of the Moscow state in the 15th century
The political successes of the Moscow principality, achieved during the reign of Dmitry Donskoy, were consolidated and developed by his successors. The son of Dmitry Donskoy, Prince Vasily I shortly after ascension to the
Seniors, vassals, peasants. Feudal staircase
In the Middle Ages in Europe, special, different than in the ancient world, social relations – feudal. What does this mean? Public feudal lords became feudal lords. Only they were the owners of the