Until the end of VIII – beginning of IX centuries. Western Europe knew nothing about the Normans. When she faced them face to face, she became desperate, as she was the victim of their devastating raids that lasted throughout the 9th-11th centuries. It was these invaders that Western Europeans called Vikings. Vikings were brave warriors. … Read more
Where do Russian printers prepare? There was once the Moscow Polygraphic Institute for this, but now you can not find it in the list of Russian universities. Its place was taken by the Moscow State Academy of Press, but it is not on this list either. But since 1997 you will find in the list … Read more
The historical fate of Southern Italy and Sicily was different. These areas in the XI century. conquered the Normans, who formed the Sicilian kingdom there. The feudal nobility in the kingdom existed, but the kings held it under their control. At the beginning of the XIII century. The Sicilian kingdom was given to Frederick II, … Read more
Today we will have a fascinating excursion to a wonderful city: we will go to Rome. Rome – the capital of Italy – is located in the central part of the Apennine peninsula on the banks of the Tiber River, 27 kilometers from the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. One of the oldest cities in … Read more
At the dawn of the Middle Ages, India was divided into many small countries of the most diverse type. The boundaries between them changed even faster than the dynasties and ruling rajas. In North India, a large state association, Magadha, was formed. It occupied the middle reaches of the Ganges River. The rise of the … Read more
Of course, it was not the flowers that caused the terrible bloodshed in England at the end of the Middle Ages. In the Civil War of 1455-1485. The country was involved in two influential noble families – York and Lancaster. The coat of arms of York was adorned with a white rose, the coat of … Read more
1. How do written historical sources help historians in recreating the past? Among historical sources, the most important are the written ones. After all, only with the advent of writing, people were able to talk in detail about what, where, when and how it happened. Written sources are texts on paper or other materials. Annals, … Read more
The Chinese have achieved certain successes in their economic life. They used vodochnepalnye devices for watering garden crops on the hills, collected two crops a year, learned how to grow tea bushes, sugar cane. Chinese peasants have mastered the valley of the Yangtze River, cutting down the local jungle and draining the swamps. But they … Read more
At the end of the old – the beginning of a new era, India was repeatedly conquered by strangers. A huge country was inhabited by a great many peoples and tribes, so it was difficult to unite it to repel invaders. Political fragmentation contributed to the fact that the local nobility cared more for their … Read more
Townspeople had in the city and its district fields and gardens, gardens and vineyards, kept cows and pigs, engaged in beekeeping and fishing. But unlike the peasants, they were primarily artisans: blacksmiths, co-workers, cobblers, barbers, bakers, brewers, weavers, tailors, carpenters, masons, etc. From the peasants, they were also distinguished by the fact that they produced … Read more