History
“The onslaught on the East.” German Crusades against the Slavs XII-XIII centuries
German feudal lords did not receive anything in the Muslim East in the Crusades. Aspirations to increase their possessions they lacked – Germany seemed to them close. Therefore, while the emperors fought with Italy
Conquest and loss of Italy. Friedrich I of Barbarossa. Frederick II
Northern and Middle Italy for visibility was part of the Holy Roman Empire. She showed obedience to the emperor only when he sent his troops there. In general, it had to be conquered from
Life in the times of Kievan Rus
1. What were the most ancient cities on our lands? The lands of Russia in 9-10 centuries. foreigners called the “country of hail”. “Grads”, that is, fortresses, were built of wood – they planted,
Society of Byzantium
The Byzantine society consisted of aristocrats, officials, clergy, merchants, intellectuals, artisans, peasants and slaves. Vassal relations in it did not work out. Aristocrats lived at the expense of their estates, they despised craft and
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
In the early fifth century. the Roman troops permanently left Britain, inhabited then by the Celtic tribes. The dust had not yet settled behind them, and the German tribes of the Angles, Saxons, Utes
Feudal fragmentation. “States in the State”
The Middle Ages was for Europe the era of feudal fragmentation. Local rulers – dukes, counts and barons, that is vassals of the king – were grandees, poorly obeyed the monarch, their possessions were
How and what icons were created
1. What icons were created in Cossack times? Created icons and Cossack times. During the second half of the 17-18 centuries. especially popular in Ukraine was the icon of the Pokrov. In the lower
The Battle of Kulikovo Field
In the second half of the XIV century. The Russian princes had already acted harmoniously against the Horde. In 1378, the military forces of the Moscow and Ryazan principalities, led by the Moscow prince
Hussite wars
The execution of Jan Hus overflowed the cup of people’s patience. Numerous supporters of Jan Hus, the Hussites, rebelled. But among the rebels there was no unity. Some, chasniki, demanded permission to all partake
Heresy and the Inquisition
In the XIII century. In medieval Europe there are heretical movements associated with the emergence and flowering of cities. It was in the cities that the number of educated people increased, able to read