Ukrainian fans of verbal art first got acquainted with the work of Charles Dickens in Russian translations. In 1838, the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski (The Notes of the Fatherland) published the full translation of the novel The Posthumous Notes of the Pickwin Club. This novel immediately captivated the Ukrainian reader with its democratism, the incomparable satirical … Read more
What moral features of a person are Hemingway’s poeticisms in the story “The Old Man and the Sea”? What is the main idea of the story? At the heart of the story is the author’s idea of ”tragic stoicism”: in the face of fate, bearing suffering and death, a person is obliged to maintain dignity … Read more
The main theme of the novels and numerous stories of Maupassant about the strength of the “natural interior”, the power of gross and selfish instincts and their carriers, who feel confident and comfortable in life. The final embodiment of people of this type is Georges Duroy, the protagonist of the novel “Darling Friend” – a … Read more
Julien’s shot at Madame de Renal put an end to Julien Sorel’s agonizing attempts to reach a compromise between “red” and “black”. The price of insight is life. He committed a double crime – a shot sounded in the church – an unheard-of sacrilege. Thus, Julien Sorel deliberately sentenced himself to death. Everything returns to … Read more
Who was Aesop? What human vices does Aesop mock in his fables? Laziness, envy, greed, lack of desire to think, cunning, stupidity, flattery. What is the wisdom of Aesop’s fables? Why are these fables instructive? Fables of Aesop draw our attention to the fact that a person must work, not to blame an event, but … Read more
Eyewitnesses said that when a ship came to New York to bring a new edition of a Dickens novel, it was met by a crowd of impatient readers, eager to learn the continuation of the adventures of loved heroes. “When Dickens ventured to read his works and met his readers face to face for the … Read more
I. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” was completed in 1862. In this work, the writer touched upon profound political, philosophical and aesthetic problems, captured real life conflicts, revealed the essence of the ideological struggle between the main social forces in Russia in the early 1960s. The central figure of the novel is the democrat-raznochinets Evgenie … Read more
What is mature – I’ll tell you everything, And the story is not in vain. Dante He saw the picture of God’s judgment, He visited purgatory and, knowing the Way to Paradise, reached this paradise, To say the truth, coming back here… So said another great man of the Renaissance – the painter, architect, sculptor, … Read more
The tragedy of Shakespeare’s “Hamlet, Prince of Denmark” – the most famous play of the English playwright. Each time, in its own way, experienced the situations and problems of this tragedy. For four centuries it has served as a mirror of humanity, in which new generations see their features and characteristics. It seems to me … Read more
The protagonist of the novel by Charles D. Dickens “David Copperfield” in his youth consistently finds himself in two educational institutions, strikingly different from each other. Talking about the formation of the boy’s personality, Dickens shows us what a school should and should not be. After the death of her husband, David’s mother married a … Read more
The fairy tale of Exupery “The Little Prince” can teach a lot to a thoughtful reader, for each chapter in it is a kind of parable with a special meaning and wisdom. The Little Prince had a special gift – he could travel on different planets. So he became acquainted with the king, the ambitious, … Read more
Sometimes, in the centuries, the poet’s biography is lost – but books remain. It happened with Homer and Nizami, Confucius and Vione. Sometimes, on the contrary: books disappear, but life remains – an amazing story, in itself – like a poem, eternal and daily, close to everyone who lives on Earth, regardless of who he … Read more
The folk art of the word – heroic epic, fairy tales, myths, legends, songs, proverbs, riddles – is called folklore, which means wisdom, knowledge. Indeed, in all these literary genres, the wisdom of the people is simple, concise and clear. Originated in ancient times, works of oral folk art accompany us now, in everyday life. … Read more
John Updike is a famous American novelist and journalist. During his creative career, he published twenty-eight novels and forty-five collections of prose and poems. Not all his books are translated into Russian. The writer is a laureate of a number of prestigious literary prizes of the USA, including Pulitzer and the prize of the National … Read more
The central importance of the search for the true “I”; “analytical composition” drama, suggesting that the main event is biased into the prehistory, and the plot of the play is an analysis of its consequences; while the fact of the past serves as a manifestation of the internal driving forces of the individual, and the … Read more
“For the person there is nothing closer and more dear than the native land…” Motherland. How many delightful memories in just a couple of words. Blossoming cherry orchards and scented mint rugs along the paths. Attracting the blue of the blue summer sky, the aroma of golden linden, the harvesting of bread – nostalgia overwhelms … Read more
Shakespeare’s drama about two lovers turned out to be very attractive for filmmakers. During the XX century. on its basis, several films were shot. At the same time, attempts were repeatedly made to modernize the content of the play. For example, in R. Wise’s film “West Side Story”, the feud between the houses of Montague … Read more
Who is the narrator in the story? How can you explain this? In the story about the adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the narrator is Huck himself. We remember that in the story “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,” the narrator was the author, not the protagonist. The choice of the narrator Huck Finn gives the author … Read more
What is symbolism? The main features of symbolism. adherence to the idealistic philosophy of Plato, Schopenhauer’s ideas, according to which the whole world is only a shadow, a symbol of the world of ideas, which can not be comprehended by reason, but by intuition; 2) disappointment in the real world and loss of interest in … Read more
What is a healthy lifestyle? This is a way of life in which we do not harm our bodies. How can we harm our own body? Bad habits, improper sleep patterns, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle – all this is very harmful to us and can lead to big health problems. Some people do not understand … Read more
When the mythology of the Indians of North America developed? What is its peculiarity? The mythology of the Indians of North America reflects the complex processes of tribal migration, the influence of sedentary and nomadic tribes, agricultural and hunting tribes on each other. Among them, the Iroquois tribes were the most important. In myths, all … Read more
Our life would be boring, joyless, colorless, if it had no place for art. Art – this is one of the most important steps in the moral, spiritual evolution of man. Art helps a person look at the world from different points of view. Many people, once acquainted with this real miracle, with this inconceivable … Read more
Henri-Marie Beyle – pseudonym Frederick Stendhal – was born January 23, 1783 in the small French town of Grenoble, surrounded by snowy peaks of the Alps, in the family of the lawyer Cheruben Beyle. The mother of the future writer – Henrietta Beyle – died when the boy was barely seven years old. His upbringing … Read more
Hello, Anton. It’s been half a year since you moved to another city. Since you left a lot in the class has changed. Since the first of September three new students have come to our class. Two girls and one boy. One girl is engaged in ballet, the other goes to music school. But the … Read more
One of the problems raised in the text is the problem of compassion. Each of us sometimes has a choice: to show sympathy for another person, to help him in his misfortune, or to close his eyes to what is happening around and not to waste his energy on those who are “outsiders” for us. … Read more
The danger of the profession of pilot Exupery fully experienced. Twice he got into an accident, of which he was miraculously chosen alive. On one of the experiences he and Comrade Jean Prevost experienced during his flight through the Libyan Desert, the writer said: “We were in a difficult situation, our supplies were destroyed.” We … Read more
Where does the action of the Bradbury story “All summer in one day” take place and how did this planet differ from the others? The story takes place on the planet Venus. Rains are constantly raining here, and only once in seven years the sun appears for several hours. Children who were nine years old … Read more
“Divine Comedy” Dante Alighieri, of course, is a monument to the beloved and the power of love, since almost all of his works Dante dedicated to the girl, who was unrequitedly in love. Beatrice Portinari he saw several times, but she became for him not only an ideal, but also something sublime, before which he … Read more
One of the key figures of world literature of the XX century is rightly considered the Austrian writer Franz Kafka. The name of Franz Kafka, along with the names of James Joyce, Marcel Proust, is called among the creators of the modernist novel. Kafka’s personality, destiny and creativity attract the attention of not only literary … Read more
At the end of the Trojan War, the Greek leaders with their squads, with booty and captives returned to their homeland. Homer’s poem “Odyssey” tells of returning home, to the island of Ithaca, a clever Odyssey. Before us are the events of ancient times, the author acquaints us with the customs of ancient people, for … Read more
The play of G. Ibsen “Nora” sparked heated debates in the society, here and there a message was posted in the living rooms: “Please do not talk about the Doll House.” Actually, the new drama began with the words of the main heroine Ibsen, told her husband Helmer: “We have something to talk about with … Read more
The greatest representative of the so-called “lost generation” is not accidentally considered Ernest Hemingway. His life experience was diverse, he was a participant of the First World War, the impression of which became his first university of life and reflected on all his work. Hemingway worked as a journalist for a long time, he witnessed … Read more
German writer H. Belle belongs to the generation of writers who declared themselves immediately after the end of World War II. He was a member of “Group 47”. These prose writers gave voice to the “silent generation” singed by the fire of fascism, on whose side they involuntarily turned out, the fire of guilt before … Read more
In the sixteen novels of Charles Dickens, in his numerous stories and essays, notes and essays, the reader is presented with a monumental image of England of the 30s and 70s. XIX century., Entered in the most difficult period of economic and political development. Realistic in its basis, the artistic picture of the life of … Read more
The story of D. Aldridge captured me very much, and I could not tear myself away from the book until I finished reading it. It seems to me that this story is not so much about the tragedy that occurred in Shark Bay, but about the formation of mutual understanding between two people – father … Read more
The famous writer-pilot, a romanticist who defended humanistic ideals in the cockpit and at the desk, such Antoine de Saint-Exupery entered the history of the literature of the 20th century. “For me, flying and writing are one and the same,” he said, “the main thing is to act, the main thing is to find oneself.” … Read more
The weather began to spoil after lunch, most likely, it will rain. Dark clouds are slowly coming from the east. But the wind increases, and in twenty minutes they close the sun. Begin to drip cold drops, with each second they become more and more. Rain is coming. People rejoice in the rain after hot … Read more
Friends are almost everyone, regardless of age and sex. Since early childhood, the child is trying to build his relationships with peers in such a way that you can trust each other. When it comes to maturity, the notion of “friendship” becomes something special and serious. Friends are known in trouble – this proverb characterizes … Read more
In the late 80’s – early 90’s Chekhov refuses a humorous approach to life and turns to problems of a socio-political nature. The characters of heroes are made more acute. He exposes the dull, sleepy Russian citizen, shows his dull life, speaks of his ignorance, savagery, cruelty: “The Man in a Case”, “The House with … Read more
Who is the personality of this writer for us, which causes a rather contradictory attitude to himself? In the early twentieth century, he was for the soldiers “the father of Hemingway,” and who is he for humanity at the beginning of the twenty-first century? A man of extraordinary abilities, which attracts attention not only with … Read more
The defining feature of Garcia Lorca’s work is the connection with national folklore sources. Remaining stable and close throughout the entire creative path of the poet, this connection acquired new forms at various stages. In the early period Lorca was more inclined to the literary processing of folklore material and folk-poetic stylization. At the stage … Read more
Franz Kafka – a European writer of the early 20th century was truly a man of peace: a Jew by birth, a Prague resident by birth and residence, a German writer by language and Austrian by cultural tradition. It would seem that such a person must constantly feel his union with all of humanity. However, … Read more
I am sure that without love and respect for one’s native language, there can be no talk about the spiritual culture of man and the culture of his speech. This culture is a testament to the overall development of the individual and speaks of the degree to which a person accustoms to the spiritual values … Read more
A bearer of the individualistic ideology of a strong personality, a “man of a higher order”, recklessly transgressing any laws, in the novel “Father Gorio” is Vautrin, he is also Jean Coleen, he is also Abbot Carlos Herrera, also a runaway convict “Cunning of Death.” Like many other heroes of Balzac’s “Human Comedy”, Vautrin survived … Read more
I really liked the touching story of the love of two young people, without hesitation, sacrificed to each other the most expensive that they had. Della and Jim rented a cheap apartment, as her husband did not earn much for a family man, and his wife was engaged in farming. The family could not afford … Read more
These words belong to one of the heroes Honore Balzac – Gobsek. Gobsek – the hero of the novel of the same name. His name became a household name, as a symbol of unrestrained desire to accumulate. The passion for accumulation led Gobsak at the end of his life to almost insanity. Lying on his … Read more
Having finished the novel “Father Gorio” in 1834, Balzac comes to a fundamentally important decision: he intended to create a grandiose artistic panorama of the life of the French society of the post-revolutionary period, consisting of related novels, stories and stories. To this end, previously written works, after appropriate processing, he includes in the “Human … Read more
I loved the truth… And where is she? .. Everywhere one thing Hypocrisy or at least charlatanry, Even the most virtuous, even the most Great! Stendhal The subtitle of the novel “Red and Black” by Stendhal is “The Chronicle of the 19th Century.” In fact, the novel can be considered a chronicle of timelessness, which … Read more
I taught them to trample me with their feet… For their sake I have devalued myself. O. de Balzac. Father Gorio In the novel “Father Gorio”, written by Honore de Balzac, we are witnesses to many human dramas and tragedies. But one of the main issues here is the problem of the relationship between fathers … Read more
War. Every modern young man or girl can talk about it, based only on historical facts. But is there enough one story to convey all the horror that the same sixteen-, seventeen-year-old boys experienced at the front? Watching the modern youth, you wonder how still frivolously we treat life! In our time, peacetime, you do … Read more