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Climatic conditions and water masses of the Arctic Ocean
The climatic features of the ocean are determined by its polar position. During the year over the ocean, the arctic air masses dominate.
Most of the solar energy, which still reaches the arctic latitudes, is reflected by ice. The temperature of the ice surface changes with the air temperature, decreasing to -40 ° C during the polar night and rising to 0 ° C in summer. which leads to the melting of ice. Consequently, the average air temperature in summer approaches 0 ° C, and in winter ranges from -20 to -40 ° C. Despite the fact that the Arctic Ocean is the coldest on Earth, it emits more heat into the atmosphere than it receives from it, because significant heat reserves enter the ocean with the Atlantic waters. The warm North Atlantic current, which carries water masses from west to east, significantly influences the formation of the ocean’s climate. From the Bering Strait to Greenland, water moves in the opposite direction: from east to west.
An important feature
Thanks to the warm North Atlantic current, Norwegian, as well as part of the Greenland and Barents seas, remain ice-free during the year. In addition to sea ice, icebergs are constantly drifting in the Arctic Ocean. They break away from the numerous ice sheets formed on the Arctic islands. Over 5 thousand icebergs per year “supplies” only Greenland.
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