Biography of Radishchev
Radishchev Alexander Nikolayevich – Russian writer, poet, philosopher, translator, author of the famous work “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.”
Childhood and Education
Alexander Nikolayevich Radishchev was born on August 20, 1749 in Moscow to a noble family. The childhood of the future writer passed in the village of Nemtsovo, then his family moved to the village of Verkhnee Ablyazovo. Primary education Alexander Nikolayevich got home. In 1756, his father took Radishchev to Moscow. The boy was placed with A. Argamakov, who at that time served as director of the Moscow University. Radishchev was trained there by a specially hired French tutor.
In 1762 Alexander Nikolayevich was granted a page and sent to the St. Petersburg Corps of Pages. In 1766 by order of Catherine II was sent to Germany, where he entered the University of Leipzig in the Faculty of Law. During this period of his brief biography Radishchev was carried away by the works
Career and the beginning of literary activity
In 1771, Alexander Nikolayevich returned to St. Petersburg. Having received the title of adviser, he settled himself as a secretary to the Senate. In the same year in the magazine “Painter” for the first time an anonymous passage was published from the book “Journey from Petersburg to Moscow”.
Since 1773 Radishchev entered the military service as an ober-auditor in the headquarters of the Finnish division. The writer publishes the translation of Mably’s book, finishes the works “Officer Exercises” and “Diary of One Week”. In 1775, Alexander Nikolaevich retired.
In 1777 Radishchev joined the Commercial College, which was headed by Count A. Vorontsov. Since 1780, Alexander Nikolayevich works in St. Petersburg customs, ten years later becomes its chief. In 1783, the writer created the ode “Liberty”, in 1788 – the work “The Life of FV Ushakov.”
Link to Siberia
In 1790, Radishchev finishes work on his most
While in Siberia, Radishchev, whose biography was inextricably linked with writing, studied the traditions of the province, created the “Letter on the Chinese Trade”, “About the Man, His Mortality and Immortality”, “The Short Narrative of the Acquisition of Siberia”, etc.
Life after the link
In 1796, Emperor Paul I returned Radishchev from exile. The date of May 31, 1801 marked the complete release of the writer – Alexander I issued a decree on amnesty, restored his noble title. Radishchev was summoned to St. Petersburg and appointed a member of the Commission for drafting laws. In one of the projects, Alexander Nikolayevich proposed to destroy serfdom, but he was threatened with a new exile to Siberia. This became a serious shock for the painful and morally broken writer.
On September 12, 1802, Alexander Nikolayevich Radishchev committed suicide by taking poison. The grave of the writer is not preserved, it is assumed that he was buried at Volkovsky cemetery in St. Petersburg.
Interesting Facts
- The credentials of the little Radishchev were taught by serfs. Ever since childhood, he learned about the hardships of peasant life, which revived in the writer’s soul hatred for the landlords, pity for the people. Alexander Nikolaevich was twice married. The first wife, Anna Rubanovskaya, died during childbirth, in all they had four children. The second wife of the writer was the younger sister of Anna Elizabeth Rubanovskaya, they had three children. According to some information Radishchev died of a serious illness, which struck the writer even at the time of exile. Radishchev’s work had a significant impact on Russian policy, including the Decembrist movement. A. Lunacharsky spoke of the writer as a prophet and forerunner of the revolution. At school, Radishchev’s works are studied in the eighth and ninth classes.
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