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Biography of Dostoevsky

Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky – the greatest writer, a classic of Russian literature, a thinker. The author of such immortal works as “The Idiot”, “Crime and Punishment”, “The Insulted and Injured”, “The Brothers Karamazov” and many others.

Early years

October 30, 1821 was born the most famous Russian writer – FM Dostoevsky. The childhood of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky passed in a large family, which belonged to a noble class. He was the second of seven children. Father of the family – Mikhail Andreevich Dostoyevsky worked in a hospital for the poor. Mother – Maria Feodorovna Dostoevskaya came from a merchant family. When Fedor was 16 years old, suddenly his mother died. Father is forced to send his elder sons to KF Kostomarov’s boarding school. From this moment the brothers Mikhail and Fyodor Dostoyevsky settle in St. Petersburg.

Life and creativity of the writer by dates

1837

This

date in the biography of Dostoevsky was very difficult. The mother dies, in a duel Pushkin dies, whose work in the fate of both brothers plays a very important role at that time. In the same year, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky moved to St. Petersburg, and entered the military engineering school. Two years later, the peasant’s father was killed by the writer’s father. In 1843 the author undertakes the translation and publication of the work of Balzac – “Eugene Grande”.

During his studies, Dostoevsky often read works as foreign poets – Homer, Corneille, Balzac, Hugo, Goethe, Hoffmann, Schiller, Shakespeare, Byron, and Russian – Derzhavin, Lermontov, Gogol and, of course, Pushkin.

1844

This year can be considered the beginning of numerous stages of Dostoevsky’s work. It was in this year that Fyodor Mikhailovich wrote his first work – “Poor People”, which immediately after the release brings the author glory. Dostoevsky’s novel “Poor People” was highly appreciated by V. Belinsky and Nikolai Nekrasov.

However, if the content of the novel “Poor People” was well received by the public, then the next work comes across a misunderstanding. The story “Double” does not cause absolutely no emotions, and even is criticized.

In January-February 1846, Dostoevsky met Ivan Goncharov in the literary salon of critic MA Maikov.

1849 year

December 22, 1849 – a turning point in the life of Dostoevsky, since this year he is sentenced to death. The author is being brought to trial on the “Petrashevsky case”, and on December 22 the court passes a verdict on the death penalty. Much appears in a new light for the writer, but at the last moment, before the very execution, the sentence is replaced by a softer – hard labor. Virtually all of his feelings, Dostoevsky tries to put in the monologue of Prince Myshkin from the novel “Idiot.” By the way, Grigoriev, also sentenced to execution, does not withstand psychological stress, and goes mad.

1850 – 1854 years.

During this period, Dostoevsky’s creativity subsides because the writer is serving his sentence in exile in Omsk. Immediately after serving the term, in 1854 Dostoevsky was sent to the seventh linear Siberian battalion as an ordinary soldier. Here he meets with Chokan Valikhanov and Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva, with whom he begins an affair.

1857 year

After the death of her husband Maria Dmitrievna, Dostoevsky marries her. While in prison and during military service, the writer greatly changes his world view. Dostoevsky’s early work was not subject to any dogmas or rigid ideals, after the events that have happened, the author becomes extremely devout, and acquires his life-ideal – Christ. In 1859, Dostoevsky, along with his wife and adopted son Paul, leave the place of his service – the city of Semipalatinsk, and moves to Petersburg. It is followed by informal observation.

1860 – 1866 years.

Together with his brother Michael works in the magazine “Time”, then in the journal “Epoch”. In the same period, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote Notes from the Dead House, Notes from the Underground, Humiliated and Injured, Winter Notes on Summer Impressions. In 1864, brothers Mikhail and Dostoevsky’s wife die. He often loses to roulette, gets into debt. Money very quickly ends and the writer is going through a difficult period. At this time, Dostoevsky composes the novel “Crime and Punishment,” which writes one chapter, and then sends it to the journal. In order not to lose the right to own works, Fyodor Mikhailovich is forced to write the novel “The Player”. However, for this he lacks the strength, and he is forced to hire a stenographer Anna Grigorevna Snitkin. By the way, the novel “The Player” was written exactly 21 days in 1866. In 1867, Snitkina-Dostoyevskaya already accompanies the writer abroad, where he goes, not to lose all the money received for the novel “Crime and Punishment.” The wife keeps a diary about their joint journey, and helps to equip his financial well-being by putting on his shoulders all economic issues.

Last years of life. Death and heritage

This last period in Dostoevsky’s life is very fruitful for his work. Since this year, Dostoevsky and his wife settled in the city of Staraya Russa, located in the Novgorod province. In the same year Dostoevsky wrote the novel The Possessed. A year later, “The Diary of a Writer”, in 1875 – the novel “Teenager”, 1876 – the story “Meek.” In 1878 there is a significant event in the life of Dostoevsky, Emperor Alexander II invites him to his home, and introduces his family. During the last two years of his life, the writer creates one of the best and most important of his works – the novel “The Brothers Karamazov”.
January 28, 1881 Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky dies because of a sharp exacerbation of the disease of emphysema. This happened after a scandal with the writer’s sister – Vera Mikhailovna, who asked her brother to renounce the inheritance – the estate inherited from her aunt by AF Kumanina.
Full of events, the biography of Fyodor Dostoevsky shows that the author gained recognition during his lifetime. However, the greatest success of his work was after death. Even the great Friedrich Nietzsche admitted that Dostoevsky was the only author-psychologist who became partly his teacher. The Dostoevsky Museum was opened in St. Petersburg in the house where the writer’s apartment was located. An analysis of Dostoevsky’s works was conducted by many critics. As a result, Fyodor Mikhailovich was recognized as one of the greatest Russian philosopher writers, touching on the most acute life issues.

Interesting Facts

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin called Dostoevsky “arhkkvernym” because of his attitude and to “bespredelschikam” revolutionaries. It was they who Fyodor Mikhailovich portrayed in his famous novel The Possessed, calling demons and scammers. During a brief stay in Tobolsk, on the way to hard labor in Omsk, Dostoevsky was presented with the Gospel. All the time in exile he read this book and did not part with it for the rest of his life. The life of the writer was overshadowed by the constant lack of money, illness, caring for a large family and growing debts. Fyodor Dostoevsky almost all his life wrote in debt, that is, under the pre-taken advance from the publisher. In such circumstances, the writer did not always have enough time to work out and sharpen his works. Dostoevsky was very fond of Petersburg, which he showed in many of his works. Sometimes even exact descriptions of places of this city are found. For example, in his novel “Crime and Punishment” Raskolnikov hid the murder weapon in one of the yards, which really exists in St. Petersburg. Sigmund Freud highly appreciated Dostoevsky’s work: “Least as a writer, his place alongside Shakespeare, is the greatest novel ever written, and the” Legend of the Grand Inquisitor “is one of the highest achievements of world literature, which is impossible. ” Dostoevsky’s work also had a significant influence on the great theoretical physicist Albert Einstein, who said: “Dostoevsky gives me more than any scientific thinker, more than Gauss” Raskolnikov hid the murder weapon in one of the yards, which really exists in St. Petersburg. Sigmund Freud highly appreciated Dostoevsky’s work: “Least as a writer, his place alongside Shakespeare, is the greatest novel ever written, and the” Legend of the Grand Inquisitor “is one of the highest achievements of world literature, which is impossible. ” Dostoevsky’s work also had a significant influence on the great theoretical physicist Albert Einstein, who said: “Dostoevsky gives me more than any scientific thinker, more than Gauss” Raskolnikov hid the murder weapon in one of the yards, which really exists in St. Petersburg. Sigmund Freud highly appreciated Dostoevsky’s work: “Least as a writer, his place alongside Shakespeare, is the greatest novel ever written, and the” Legend of the Grand Inquisitor “is one of the highest achievements of world literature, which is impossible. ” Dostoevsky’s work also had a significant influence on the great theoretical physicist Albert Einstein, who said: “Dostoevsky gives me more than any scientific thinker, more than Gauss”