Biography Astafiev Viktor Petrovich
(1.05.1924 – 29.11.2001)
May 1, 1924 in the village of Ovsyanka, which is on the banks of the Yenisei, near Krasnoyarsk, in the family of Peter Pavlovich and Lidia Ilyinichna Astafyev, son Victor was born.
At the age of seven, the boy lost his mother – she drowned in the river, catching a scythe behind the bottom of the boom. VP Astafyev will never get used to this loss. Everything to him “can not believe that my mother is not and never will be.” The patroness and nurse of the boy is his grandmother – Ekaterina Petrovna.
With his father and stepmother Victor moved to Igarka – the dekulaked grandfather Pavel was deported with his family. “Wild earnings”, which counted the father, was not, the relationship with her stepmother did not work out, she pushes the burden in the face of the child from her shoulders. The boy is deprived of shelter and livelihood, wanders, then falls into the orphanage. “I began an independent
Teacher of the boarding school, the Siberian poet Ignaty Dmitrievich Rozhdestvensky notices in Victor the propensity for literature and develops it. The essay about the beloved lake, printed in the school magazine, will later be developed into the story “Vasyutkino Lake”.
After graduating from a boarding school, a teenager earns his bread in a Kureika machine. “My childhood was left in the far Arctic,” VP Astafyev will write years later, “A child, in the words of Pavel’s grandfather,” not given birth, not asked, my father and mother thrown “, also somehow disappeared, more precisely – A stranger to himself and everyone, a teenager or a young man, entered the adult working life of a military age. ”
Collecting money for a ticket. Victor leaves for Krasnoyarsk, and the FZO also acts. “I did not choose a group and profession in the FZO – they chose me”, the writer will later tell. After finishing his studies, he works as a train compiler at the Bazaikha
In the fall of 1942, Viktor Astafyev volunteered for the army, and in the spring of 1943 he was sent to the front. He is fighting in Bryansk. Voronezh and Steppe fronts, then united in the First Ukrainian. The front biography of soldier Astafiev is awarded with the Order of the Red Star, medals “For Courage”, “For Victory over Germany” and “For the Liberation of Poland”. Several times he was seriously wounded.
In the fall of 1945, VP Astafyev demobilized from the army and together with his wife – Private Maria Semyonovna Koryakina comes to her homeland – the city of Chusovoy in the western Urals.
For health reasons Victor can no longer return to his specialty and, in order to feed his family, he works as a fitter, laborer, loader, carpenter, meat car washer, a meat factory assistant.
In March 1947, a daughter was born to a young family. In early September, the girl died of severe dyspepsia – time was hungry, her mother did not have enough milk, and there was nowhere to take food cards.
In May 1948, the daughter of the Astafievs, Irina, was born, and in March 1950, Andrei’s son.
In 1951, after hitting somehow as a literary circle at the newspaper “Chusovskaya Rabochiy”, Viktor Petrovich wrote a short story “The Civilian Man” for one night; later he would call it “Sibiryak”. From 1951 to 1955, Astafyev worked as a literary employee of the newspaper Chusovskaya Rabochiy.
In 1953, Perm published his first book of stories – “Until the Next Spring,” and in 1955 the second – “Ogonki.” These are stories for children. In 1955-1957 he wrote the novel “Melting the snow”, he published two more books for children: Vasyutkino Lake (1956) and Uncle Kuzya, chickens, fox and cat (1957), he published essays and stories in the almanac Kama Region “, the magazine” Smena “, the collections” Hunters were “and” Signs of the Times “.
Since April 1957, Astafyev is a special correspondent of the Perm Regional Radio. In 1958, he saw the light of his novel “Melting Snow.” VP Astafyev is admitted to the Union of Writers of the RSFSR.
In 1959 he was sent to the Higher Literary Courses at the Literary Institute named after M. Gorky. Two years he studies in Moscow.
The end of the fifties was marked by the flourishing of V. Astafyev’s lyrical prose. The novella “Pass” (1958-1959) and “Starodub” (1960), the story “Starfall”, written in one breath in just a few days (1960), bring him wide fame.
In 1962 the family moved to Perm, and in 1969 – to Vologda.
The 1960s are extremely fruitful for the writer: the story “Theft” (1961-1965) was written, short stories that later became a narrative in the stories “The Last Bow”: “Zorkina’s Song” (1960), “Geese in the Polynesia” (1961), ” The Smell of Hay “(1963), The Trees Grow for All (1964), Uncle Philip the Ship Mechanic (1965), The Monk in the New Pants (1966), The Autumn Sadness and Joy (1966), Night dark “(1967),” The Last Bow “(1967),” Somewhere the War is Grinding “(1967),” A Photograph Without Me “(1968),” Babushkin’s Feast “(1968). In 1968, the story “The Last Bow” was published in Perm as a separate book.
In the Vologda period of his life, VP Astafyev created two plays: “Bird cherry” and “Forgive me”. Performances staged on these plays, went to the stage of a number of Russian theaters.
Back in 1954, Astafyev conceived the novel “The Shepherd and the Shepherdess.” The modern pastoral “-” my favorite child “. And he realized his plan almost in 15 years – in three days, “absolutely stunned and happy,” writing a “draft of one hundred and twenty pages” and then polishing the text. Written in 1967, the story was difficult to print and was first published in the magazine Our Contemporary, No. 8, 1971. The writer returned to the text of the story in 1971 and 1989, restoring the censorship that was removed for reasons of censorship.
In 1975, for the story “Pass”, “Last Bow”, “Theft”, “Shepherd and the Shepherdess” VP Astafyev was awarded the State Prize of the RSFSR named after M. Gorky.
In the sixties BP Astaf’ev wrote stories “The Old Horse” (1960), “What are you crying, spruce” (1961). “The Hands of the Wife” (1961), Sashka Lebedev (1961), The Disturbed Dream (1964), India (1965), Mitiai from the Dredger (1967), Yashka-los (1967) The Blue Twilight “(1967),” Bury and Remember “(1967),” Clear Day “(1967),” Russian Diamond “(1968),” Without the Last “(1968).
By 1965, a cycle of laps – lyrical miniatures, thoughts about life, notes for oneself began to take shape. They are printed in central and peripheral journals. In 1972, “Zatesi” is published as a separate book in the publishing house “Soviet writer” – “Village adventure.” “Pesnopevitsa”, “How to treat the goddess”, “Stars and Christmas trees”, “Tour”, “Native Birch”, “Spring Island”, “Hlebozary”, “To the pain of everyone…”, “Cemetery”, “And ashes his “. “Dome Cathedral”, “Vision”, “Berry”, “Sigh”. To the genre, the writer constantly turns in his work.
In 1972, VP Astafyev wrote his “joyous offspring” – “Ode to the Russian vegetable garden.”
Since 1973, stories have appeared in print that later produced a famous narrative in the stories “Tsar-fish”: “Boye”, “Drop”, “At the Golden Carth”, “Fisherman Grohoto”, “Tsar-fish”, “The Black Feather” , “Ear on Boganid”, “Wake”, “Turuhanskaya lily”, “Dream of the white mountains”, “There is no answer for me”. The publication of chapters in periodicals – Our Contemporary Magazine – was accompanied by such losses in the text that the author of the griefs went to the hospital and never returned from the stories, did not restore and did not make new editions. Only many years later, having found in his archive the yellowed pages of the censorship of the chapter “Noriltsy”, published in 1990, it was published in the same journal under the title “
In 1978, for the narrative in the stories “Tsar-fish”, VP Astafyev was awarded the USSR State Prize.
In the 1970s, the writer again turned to the theme of his childhood: new chapters to the “Last Bow” were born: the “Feast after Victory” (1974), “Chipmunk on the Cross” (1974), “The Dying Death” (1974), ” Without a Shelter “(1974),” Soroka “(1978),” The Love Potion “(1978),” Burn, Burn Clearly “(1978),” Soy Candy “(1978). The story of childhood – already in two books – is published in 1978 in the publishing house “Contemporary”.
From 1978 to 1982, VP Astafyev worked on the story “Visible Staff”, published only in 1988. In 1991, for this novel, the writer was awarded the State Prize of the USSR.
In 1980, Astafyev moved to his homeland – to Krasnoyarsk. A new, extremely fruitful period of his work began. In Krasnoyarsk and Ovsyanka – the village of his childhood – he wrote the novel “The Sad Detective” (1985) and such stories as “Bear Blood” (1984), “Life to Live” (1985), “Vimba” (1985), ” (1986), “The Blind Fisherman” (1986), “Mining of minnows in Georgia” (1986), “The Vest from the Pacific” (1986), “Blue field under the blue skies” (1987), “Smile of a she-wolf” (1989) ), “I was born” (1989), “Lyudochka” (1989), “Talking with an old gun” (1997).
In 1989, VP Astafyev was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
August 17, 1987, the daughter of Astafiev Irina suddenly dies. She was brought from Vologda and buried in a cemetery in Ovsyanka. Viktor Petrovich and Maria Semyonovna take their little grandsons Vitya and Paul to themselves.
Life in the homeland stirred up memories and gave the readers new stories about their childhood: chapters are born: “Premonition of ice drift”, “Zaberaga”, “Stryapuhina joy”, “Pestrukha”, “Legend of the glass crane”, “Death”, and in 1989 ” The last bow “is published in the publishing house” Young Guard “in three books. In 1992, there are two more chapters – “Zabubennaya head” and “Evening meditation”. “Life-giving light of childhood” demanded from the writer more than thirty years of creative work.
At home, Astaf’ev created his main book about the war – the novel “Damned and killed”: part one “Devil’s Pit” (1990-1992) and part two “Bridgehead” (1992-1994), which took the writer a lot of energy and health and caused a stormy reader’s polemic.
In 1994, “for his outstanding contribution to Russian literature,” the writer was awarded the Russian independent prize “Triumph”. In 1995, for the novel “Cursed and killed,” V. P. Astafiev was awarded the State Prize of Russia.
From September 1994 to January 1995, the master of the word is working on a new story about the war “So I want to live,” and in 1995-1996 he wrote – also a “war” – the story “Oberton”, in 1997 he finishes the story “Merry soldier “, started in 1987, the war does not leave the writer, memory worries. A merry soldier is he, a wounded young soldier Astafyev, returning from the front and trying on a peaceful civil life.
In 1997-1998 in Krasnoyarsk, the edition of V. Astafyev’s Collected Works was published in 15 volumes, with detailed comments by the author.
In 1997, the writer was awarded the International Pushkin Prize, and in 1998 he was awarded the prize “For Honor and Dignity of Talent” of the International Litfond.
At the end of 1998, VP Astafyev was awarded the prize of the name of Apollon Grigoriev of the Academy of Russian Modern Literature.
“Not a day without a line” is the motto of an indefatigable worker, a truly national writer. Here and now on his desk – new zatesi, favorite genre – and new ideas in the heart.
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