Education of the Swiss Union. Strengthening of territorial principalities
As a result of the fall of the dynasty of Staufen the Holy Roman Empire lost its former strength. German spiritual and secular princes became almost independent rulers. The main place among them was
The peasants. “Those who work”
The breadwinners of society in the Middle Ages were peasants. They not only produced food, but also spun, weaved, and made household items. The peasants worked for themselves and for the feudal lords. They
Monastic orders
An important role in strengthening the Catholic ecclesiastical organization belonged to monasticism. You remember that the father of Western monasticism in the VI century. became Benedict of Nursia. Over time, many monasteries were founded,
Housing and household utensils in medieval Europe
The general appearance of housing and household utensils indicated the occupation and the status of the owners. The type of housing was influenced by geographical conditions. People then lived predominantly in the countryside. The
Ukraine in the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War
1. When did the Second World War begin? September 1, 1939, the Second World War began. It was preceded by the agreement of the leading European states on the division of Czechoslovakia, as well
Scandinavian countries in the 12th-15th centuries
Since the XII century, the population of Northern Europe has been growing rapidly. With the cessation of marches, the main source of the nobility’s profits is agriculture, so it starts actively appropriating land. Some
The Norman Conquest of England
In the middle of the XI century. England attracted the attention of the Duchy of Normandy, formed on the territory of France. It was inhabited mainly by the Normans. They during their residence have
Reserve in Kachanovka
An outstanding monument of the estate and landscape architecture of Ukraine is the palace in Kachanovka in the Chernihiv region. The construction of the palace complex began in 1771. Located in the estate of
The emergence of Scandinavian states in the Middle Ages
The basis of the economic and political life of Scandinavia in the days of the Vikings were free people Bond. They had their own farm, they used the right to carry arms and appeal
Poland in the Middle Ages
The Poles formed their state in the late 10th century. The first reliable Polish prince Mieszko I married a Czech princess Dubravka. He himself became a Catholic and turned all the Poles into Catholicism.