The structure of the earth’s crust and the subglacial relief of Antarctica

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1. Nature of Antarctica 1. What are the features of the relief of Antarctica? The nature of Antarctica is not rich and unique. The continent consists of two layers – the surface of the continent and the glacial layer, the average thickness of which is 2000 km. Imagine 40 16-story buildings set against each other! Such a glacial cap […]...
2. Antarctica and Antarctica. The physico-geographical position of the continent and its coastline Physico-geographical position of the continent. Features of the nature of Antarctica are due to the unusual nature of its location on our planet. Almost all of it is located to the south of the Southern Arctic Circle. Only a small part of the continent goes beyond it. Therefore, there is a polar night and a […]...
3. Basic facts on the topic “Antarctica” The physico-geographical position of Antarctica is determined by its location around the South Pole within the Southern Arctic Circle. Therefore Antarctica is the coldest continent on Earth. Antarctica was opened in 1820 by a Russian expedition led by Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The members of the Norwegian expedition led by Rual Amundsen reached the […]...
4. The structure of the earth’s crust of Africa The relief depends on the structure of the earth’s crust, which was formed for a long time. Under the influence of internal and external processes, the main tectonic structures of Africa emerged and deposits of various minerals were formed to the origin. Covered 2-3 billion years ago, Africa’s high mountain systems under the influence of […]...
5. Interesting facts about “Antarctica” The existence of the Southern Earth can be read even in the works of ancient scientists who believed that the ratio of land and sea in the Northern and Southern hemispheres should be the same. Otherwise, the ancient sages thought, the balance will break and the Earth will be constantly facing the Sun with a […]...
6. The structure of the earth’s crust of North America North America along with Eurasia is the remnant of the ancient continent of the northern hemisphere of Laurasia, which began to split into modern continents at the end of the Mesozoic era about 100 million years ago. The oldest and largest in area tectonic structure of North America is the North American platform, which is […]...
7. Relation between the forms of the Earth relief and the structure of the lithosphere The lithosphere is the hard shell of the Earth, consisting of the earth’s crust and the upper layer of the mantle. Forty years ago, a scientific theory of lithospheric plates arose. According to this theory, the lithosphere is broken by giant cracks into separate blocks – lithospheric plates. The boundaries of the plates pass along […]...
8. The structure of the earth’s crust of Australia Australia is located in the central part of the Indo-Australian lithospheric plate. Consequently, this is the only continent on which there are no active volcanoes, and earthquakes occur very rarely and do not have destructive power. Australia, like Africa, is the remnant of the ancient mainland of Gondwana, about 180 million years ago split into […]...
9. The climate of Antarctica The climate of Antarctica is the coldest and harsh on the globe. This is primarily determined by the geographic position of the continent and a significant height above sea level. In the central part of the city there is Polar Day, half a year – Polar Night. During the Polar day, the sun does not […]...
10. Relief of Africa The structure of the earth’s crust of the continent determines its relief. Considering the physical map of Africa, we can conclude that the continent consists of elevated plains. Lowlands and high mountains are few. Lowlands are located mainly along the coasts of the seas and oceans. The eastern part of Africa occupies a rather high […]...
11. The structure of the Earth’s crust of Eurasia The territory of Eurasia has been formed for hundreds of millions of years. The structure of the earth’s crust of Eurasia is more complex than that of other continents. Eurasia is located within three large lithospheric plates: the Eurasian, the Indo-Australian and the North American. At the heart of the lithospheric plates are several ancient […]...
12. Relief and minerals of North America 1. Explain the location of large relief forms on the mainland. Why are the Cordilleras located in the west of the mainland? Map the physical map of North America with a map of the structure of the earth’s crust. The North American platform is expressed in relief by the Central and Great Plains, and the […]...
13. The relief and minerals of South America 1. What processes form the relief of the east of the continent? To answer this question, you need to compare two maps – a map of the structure of the earth’s crust and a map of the modern relief. Look at these maps and compare the structure of the earth’s crust in the east and […]...
14. Relief of Eurasia Due to the complexity of the structure of the earth’s crust and the long history of its development, the surface of Eurasia is more diverse than other continents. Here are the largest plains The earth and the highest mountains, the deepest depression on land and the largest lowland of the world, which lies below the […]...
15. Modern studies of Antarctica In the first half of the XX century. The studies of Antarctica were episodic and were limited to individual expeditions. But from the second half of the 50’s. Regular surveys of the continent began at polar stations, which conduct a variety of scientific observations. The result of their work was the first atlas of Antarctica, […]...
16. The structure of the earth’s crust of South America As a result of the split of Gondwana 180 million years ago, South America separated from Africa and began to move westward. So there was the South American lithospheric plate. Thus, at the heart of South America is the “remnant” of Gondwana – the ancient South American platform, occupying the entire eastern part of the […]...
17. Relief of North America The relief of North America is closely connected with its tectonic structures. The ancient and young platforms in the modern relief correspond to the plains, the regions of folding in the extreme West and East – the mountains. Plains occupy 2/3 of the surface. The Canadian shield corresponds to the relief of the Laurentian Upland, […]...
18. The relief of South America The geological structure of South America is connected with its relief. At first glance at the physical map of the continent, it can be divided into three parts: lowland – in the center, plateau – in the east, highland – in the west. Platforms on the east of the continent correspond to large plains. On […]...
19. General information about Antarctica The land area is 14 million km2. The population is not permanent. The highest point above sea level is the Vinson massif. The average thickness of the ice cover is -2000 m. The largest island is Berkner. The lowest temperature is -892 ° С. Number of states with scientific research stations -18. The number of […]...
20. The discovery and the first studies of Antarctica Antarctica was discovered by the last of the continents of the Earth. Even in ancient times, scientists guessed that in the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere there should be a large continent. His quest in his time led to the discovery of Australia, which was considered part of this continent. In the XVIII century. […]...
21. Geographical position of Antarctica. Discovery and research 1. What are the features of the geographical position of Antarctica? To determine the peculiarities of the geographical position of Antarctica, study the political and physical maps of the world. Set the position of the continent in relation to the equator, the initial meridian, the Southern Circle and the South Pole. On the political map, […]...
22. Painting by Aivazovsky “Ice mountains in Antarctica” The painting “Ice mountains in Antarctica” was written by IK Aivazovsky in 1870. The development of democratic ideas, critical realism in Russian art and painting had an impact on the work of the great seascapes painter. In place of the romantic mood of the painter came a more objective view of the landscape. “Ice Mountains […]...
23. Forms of relief of the earth’s surface and their formation It is difficult to imagine that in comparison with the real dimensions of the Earth on this model – a globe with a diameter of 1 m – the dimensions of the highest mountain systems and the deepest depressions would not exceed 1 mm. And the ego with the fact that the real maximum elevation […]...
24. Relief of Australia Since the most ancient platforms in the relief correspond to flat areas, the relief of Australia is rather monotonous and similar to the relief of Africa. Here, too, the territory is mostly flat. The average height is only 215 m above sea level. In the west, within the shield, the plain is somewhat elevated and […]...
25. Basic facts on the topic “Physiographic location, discovery, study and relief of Eurasia” The physiographic position of Eurasia is determined by its size, a large extent from west to east and from north to south. Eurasia lies in all climatic belts of the Earth. It is the only continent that is washed by the waters of all four oceans. The coastline of the continent is strongly dissected, there […]...
26. Geographical position of Australia. The history of the discovery. Relief and minerals 1. Tell us about the main stages of the discovery of Australia. Here you need to talk about the research of the Dutch traveler Abel Tasman and the English navigator James Cook. At different times they discovered different parts of the coast of Australia. It was proved that Australia is a separate continent entirely in […]...
27. The Organic World of Antarctica The vegetation and fauna of Antarctica are distinguished by their exceptional poverty and originality. Most of the territory of Antarctica lies within the natural zone of the Antarctic deserts. Here scant vegetation is concentrated only in oases. In summer, their stone surface is heated by the sun and warms the surrounding air. Therefore here grow […]...
28. Key facts on the topic “North America” North America is completely located in the Northern and Western hemispheres, stretching almost 7 thousand km from north to south, has a heavily dissected coastline. Its closest neighboring continents are Eurasia and South America. The first of the Europeans reached the northern coasts of North America, the Normans in the 10th century, but information about […]...
29. Relief of the Earth 1. What is a relief? What are the reasons for its diversity? To answer the second question, it is necessary to imagine how the relief is formed, what forces contribute to the occurrence of unevenness on the Earth’s surface, how the internal and external influences during the formation of the relief differ from place to […]...
30. Features of the Eurasian landform, its development 1. How does the relief of Eurasia differ from the relief of other continents? In Eurasia, as on all other continents, there are mountains and plains. Here are the highest mountains and the most extensive plains. From the plains and plateaus of North and Central Asia, the peninsulas of the South-West, South and South-East Eurasia […]...
31. Interesting facts on the topics “Earth movement and time zones”, “Relief and its formation”, “Climate” If the Earth was always facing the Sun with one side, like the Moon to the Earth, there would not be a change of day and night, summer and winter. There would be two conditional hemispheres – “daylight” and “night”. Life on such a planet would stop. Owing to a sharp change in temperature, the […]...
32. General features of the location of natural areas of the southern continents. Their soil map 1. What are the features of the geographic location of the southern continents? A feature of the geographic location of the southern continents can be considered their partial or complete location in the Southern Hemisphere. This situation determines the features of the climate, the combination of natural zones, the nature of human activity on the […]...
33. Glaciers of Eurasia and permafrost Glaciers. In the north of Eurasia and high in the mountains is widespread modern glaciation. Cover glaciers are found on the islands of Iceland. New Earth. Spitsbergen, Franz Josef Land. There are mountain glaciers in the mountains that reach the snow line: in the Alps, Scandinavian mountains, the Caucasus, the Pamirs, Tien Shan, the Himalayas. […]...
34. The Australian Union 1. What are the minerals rich in the Australian Union? The Australian Union is a country occupying the whole continent that is part of the British Commonwealth of Nations. The Australian Union, which is called Australia, contains rich mineral deposits in its bowels. The regularity of the location of minerals depends on the structure of […]...
35. Forming the climate of South America The climate of South America is similar to the climate of other continents of tropical latitudes – Africa and Australia, although here the territories with dry climate are much smaller. By the amount of precipitation, no continent can compete with South America. All these features are determined by a number of climate-forming factors. Like other […]...
36. Geological structure, minerals and climate of Oceania The geological structure of the islands of Oceania and their origin are closely related to the structure of the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. In the west of the Pacific, the Pacific and Indo-Australian plates converge, forming uplifts. In the places of their collision, earthquakes and volcanism are observed. Most of the islands of Oceania […]...
37. The minerals of Africa The occurrence of minerals is associated with the geological structure of the continent. On the shields, where the crystalline rocks of the foundation of the platform come to the surface, and deposits of ore minerals are found in the folding belts of different ages. The so-called “copper belt”, which extends through all of East Africa […]...
38. Physiographic location of Eurasia Eurasia is the largest land mass on our planet. In terms of area, it occupies more than 1/3 of the Earth’s total land area. Like North America, Eurasia is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere relative to the equator. Its extent from west to east is impressive: the continent crosses not only the zero, but […]...
39. Relief and minerals of Africa 1. Write a description of the relief of the island of Madagascar. In order to complete this task, you need to use the plan for describing the terrain. It is important not to confuse the plan for describing the terrain of the territory with a plan for describing the shape of the relief. What is […]...
40. Origin of continents and oceans 1. Which structure has the lithosphere? What phenomena occur on the boundaries of its plates? The lithosphere is heterogeneous in structure and consists of the earth’s crust and the upper part of the Earth’s mantle. The Earth’s crust is divided into oceanic and continental crust. The continental crust is much thicker than the oceanic crust […]...