Papal States
A considerable part of Middle Italy was occupied by the papal state. Its capital was Rome. It wedged in between the northern and southern parts of Italy and became an additional obstacle to the unification of the country. The popes were haunted by the big feudal lords, who only in Rome had about 200 of their castles. Barons fought among themselves, including the papal throne.
In the middle of XII century. in Rome was proclaimed a republic. Dad had to flee the city. But the German Emperor Frederick I of Barbarossa restored his father to his throne. The Roman Republic was liquidated.
At the beginning of the XIV century. the popes moved to Avignon for a long time. Taking advantage of this, the townspeople again proclaimed Rome a republic. The Roman commune made an attempt to stop feudal robbery, evicted barons from the city and destroyed their castles. But Rome, having lost its master, quickly fell into decay. His houses were taken away for urban construction; the center of
In the middle of the XIV century. the Romans elected the tribune’s son the innkeeper’s son, Cola di Riendo. On the political Olympus, he climbed up due to the fact that he was ambitious, knew how to speak beautifully and promised a lot. He wanted to be called a “tribune of the will,” but he himself had dictatorial habits. Cola di Rienzo wanted to politically unite Italy. But Italy was not yet ready for this, its cities above all put their independence.
Cola di Rienzi, after all, was driven out of Rome, but he again returned to the city, so that, by the authority of the pope, pacify the rebellious aristocrats. Then the Romans killed him. In 1378, the pope returned to Rome from Avignon. The Papal States again acquired a troubled but caring host.
At the end of the XIV – early XV centuries. in the Italian city-states, the republican system was replaced by a monarchical one. His Italians called senoria or tyranny. Why did the republican system not take root in the country?
The power in city-states was captured by the richest families. In Florence they were the Medici bankers, who lent money even to kings. They won popularity by building a hometown, donating money for the development of culture, arranging carnivals and bright spectacles, taking care of the squalid. Among the Medici, the most famous was the clever and talented Lorenzo Pyshny, who knew how to live on a broad foot. Tyrants, while retaining the appearance of the republican system, first became life-long, and then hereditary dictators.
The dictator is a person who has unlimited power and imposes his will on others.
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