“Doctor Pascal” E. Zola in the summary

Doctor Pascal is a sixty-year-old scientist, an innovator, out of his pen are medical works. He is engaged in healing, using his own methods and giving hope to the sick. He is interested in questions of heredity. On the example of his own family, he creates his theory of heredity, based on the data of … Read more

“Man and book” composition

Since ancient times, between people and books, there is a connection that has lasted for more than 2000 years. The books were written on plaques, beaten on stone tiles, in Egypt they wrote on papyrus, folded into scrolls, and in China on the first paper made of rags. The very first books were written more … Read more

Space exploration

The first steps in space exploration were made in the early 30-ies of the century in the works of the founder of astronautics of the Russian scientist Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, who said: “Impossible today will be possible tomorrow.” These words turned out to be prophetic. October 4, 1957 in the USSR was launched the world’s … Read more

Summary “Twelve Chairs” by Ilf and Petrov

On April 15, 1927, in the city of N, the mother-in-law of Ippolit Matveyevich Vorobyaninov, the former leader of the nobility, dies. Before her death, she informs him that in one of the chairs of the living room, the headset left in Stargorod, where they fled after the revolution, all the family jewels have been … Read more

“Nightingale” Andersen in brief

Behind the garden of the Chinese emperor was a forest, and in the woods there lived a nightingale who sang so well that even a poor fisherman forgot about his seine, but then again took up his business and did not think about the nightingale until the next night. Travelers said that the nightingale is … Read more

Biography of Stepan Razin

Stepan Timofeevich Razin is a Cossack who raised the uprising of 1670-1671. He was born in a Cossack family. Biography of Stepan Razin is reliably known only from the 1660s. By this time, he had become a Cossack ataman, had received a rich military experience. After conducting negotiations with the Kalmyks, in 1662-1663 he conducted … Read more

Hussite wars

The execution of Jan Hus overflowed the cup of people’s patience. Numerous supporters of Jan Hus, the Hussites, rebelled. But among the rebels there was no unity. Some, chasniki, demanded permission to all partake of the cup. Others, Taborites, wanted the impossible at all – to build the Kingdom of God on earth. In this … Read more

Heresy and the Inquisition

In the XIII century. In medieval Europe there are heretical movements associated with the emergence and flowering of cities. It was in the cities that the number of educated people increased, able to read religious books and reflect on their content. They understood that the servants of the church did not in any way resemble … Read more

Summary Meshchan Maxim Gorky

Maxim Gorky Mieschans Vasily Vasilyevich Bessemionov lives in a prosperous house, he is 58, the foreman of the paint shop, who marks a deputy in the city duma from the shop class; Akulina Ivanovna, his wife; son Peter, a former student, expelled for taking part in unlawful student meetings; daughter Tatyana, a schoolteacher who sat … Read more

Summary “Foucault Pendulum”

The plot of this novel by a well-known Italian writer, philologist and historian of literature falls on the beginning of the seventies of the 20th century. a time when youth riots were still raging in Italy. However, the “political choice” of the narrator, a student at the Milan University of Casobone, becomes, in his own … Read more