The eastern part of the empires of Charlemagne went to Louis the German as a separate kingdom, uniting the lands of four, in fact independent, duchies: Swabia, Bavaria, Franconia and Saxony. In Germany, the formation of the state takes place in the reign of Otto I, who, after defeating the Hungarians in 955 near Augsburg, … Read more
1. What is the history of the central street of Kiev – Khreshchatyk? In Ukraine, probably, there is no person who would not know about this street. Khreshchatik belongs to the fame of the main street of Kiev, its symbol. Khreshchatyk is sung in verse and songs, is depicted in pictures, is shown in many … Read more
The supreme power belonged to the emperor, whom the Chinese called the “Son of Heaven.” His will was for them the law. He lived in the greatest luxury – he had dozens, or even hundreds of palaces, thousands of servants, musicians, concubines. Nevertheless, in the midst of a fierce struggle for power, not many emperors … Read more
1. What historians can learn by name? Time has preserved for us a valuable historical source – “Register of the Army of Zaporizhia in 1649”, sealed with the handwritten signatures of Hetman Bogdan Khmelnitsky and the general clerk Ivan Vygovsky and the state seal. On 808 yellowed pages of this document contains a list of … Read more
It’s quite easy to go to Finland: we boarded a trip to St. Petersburg, and in two hours you are already in the Suomi Country. Visiting the “northern neighbor” you, of course, hurry to visit the capital. But before you leave the train, look in the guide to Helsinki! Perhaps this can be done without … Read more
In 1130 the Norman Duke Roger II, ruler of the south of Italy and Sicily, received from the pope the title of king. So there was a Sicilian kingdom. Formally, Roger II and his heirs were considered vassals of the pope, but in fact the Sicilian kingdom was a completely independent state. The Sicilian kingdom … Read more
Russia, except the Mongols, threatened and other enemies: from the north, the Swedes and the Germans. Nineteen-year-old Alexander Yaroslavich, a Novgorod prince, in 1240 gamely repulsed the attack of the Swedes. The Swedish flotilla led by Jarl Birger entered the mouth of the Neva and was sent to Novgorod. Birger sent Alexander Yaroslavich a messenger … Read more
From the second half of the XI century. The important aspect of the political life of Germany was the relations between the state and the church. Emperor Henry IV dared to openly conflict with Pope Gregory VII, who forbade secular power to interfere with the appointment of bishops. Thus began the struggle for investment. It … Read more
1. Why the description of the unsuccessful campaign of Prince Igor Svyatoslavovich in 1185 remained in the memory of the descendants In the 12th century. Our lands suffered from attacks of the nomadic people – Polovtsians. A participant in the struggle against them was Novgorod the Great Prince Igor. In 1185, together with his son … Read more
The collapse of the Roman Empire, on whose ruins medieval Europe was born, was caused by a prolonged decline in the economy. Agriculture and crafts did not develop, land was not cultivated. The power of the emperors gradually weakened. The crisis deepened in the spiritual life of the Roman state. Together with the elimination of … Read more