Popular uprisings in France during the Hundred Years’ War

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1. France in the flames of uprisings England demanded a colossal ransom for King John II of Good. The General States were called, as was to be the case, so that they agreed to collect the redemption amount. But the General States this time showed a character – demanded that the collection of taxes be carried out under their control and that […]...
2. The End of the Hundred Years War and the Unification of France Joan of Arc gave her life for France for good reason. The French gradually liberated their country from the English invaders. Charles VII entered Paris. In 1453 the English owned only the city of Calais in France, but soon lost it. The longest war in European history ended in the victory of France. In France, […]...
3. Completion of the Hundred Years War and the reunification of France The death of Joan of Arc, as the British had hoped, did not change the course of the war. The French troops continued to advance successfully. The Burgundian Duke, realizing the hopelessness of the position of the British, hastened to reconcile with the French king. In the spring of 1436 Charles VII took Paris. He […]...
4. The Hundred Years War of 1337-1453 After the death of Philip IV, three of his sons died one after the other under mysterious circumstances. The grandees proclaimed King Philip VI Long – a representative of the genus Valois. He wrote in 1328 the royal dynasty of Valois, which existed in France until 1589. However, the new dynasty was not lucky. Philip […]...
5. The beginning of the Hundred Years War After the death of Philip IV the Beautiful, the French throne belonged to three of his sons for 15 years. However, none of them left their heirs, and in 1328 the rule of the Capetian dynasty ceased. On the throne, the representative of her younger branch, Philip VI Valois, ascended. The British King Edward III […]...
6. Strengthening of royal power in France In the X century. the western part of the former empire of Charlemagne was already called, not by Gaul, but by France. But France was not a centralized state at that time. In the IX-X centuries. it was the first in Western Europe to split into a number of independent possessions – the duchies of […]...
7. Strengthening of royal power in medieval France In 987, after the death of King Louis V of Lazy, the rule of the Carolingian dynasty ceased. The rulers of the duchies and counties elected a new king. He became a representative of the genus Robertinov – Count Hugo Capet. He was nicknamed the monastic hood, which was worn as a secular abbot of […]...
8. Jeanne d’Arc – the savior of France Although the flame of the popular uprising and managed to pay off, but before the changes for the better it was still far away. The country looked like a disturbed beehive. In it, uprisings of townspeople and peasants flared up, at times more formidable than Jacquerie. The English still defeated in the war. In 1415, […]...
9. Castles in medieval Europe First the feudal lords lived in encampments on high hills surrounded by moats, earthen ramparts and palisade camps. The only noteworthy construction of such a camp was the donjon – a multi-storey wooden or stone tower. The Donjon was not only the main defensive structure, but also a premise for the owner and his family. […]...
10. Summary “One Hundred Years of Solitude” by Marquez Jose Arcadio and Ursula were not only the founders of the genus Buendia, but also cousins ​​and sister. Relatives feared that a child with a tail of a piglet would be born. Ursula knows how dangerous incestuous marriage is at the time, as Jose does not even want to hear about such nonsense. Ursula for […]...
11. Hundred Years of Solitude G. G. Marquez Hundred Years of Solitude The founders of the genus Buendía José Arcadio and Ursula were cousins ​​and sisters. Parents were afraid that they would give birth to a child with a pig’s tail. Ursula knows about the danger of incestuous marriage, and José Arcadio does not want to take into account such […]...
12. “One Hundred Years of Solitude” by Garcia Marquez in Brief Contents The founders of the genus Buendía José Arcadio and Ursula were cousins ​​and sisters. Parents were afraid that they would give birth to a child with a pig’s tail. Ursula knows about the danger of incestuous marriage, and José Arcadio does not want to take into account such nonsense. Throughout one and a half years […]...
13. Southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th-13th centuries The historical fate of Southern Italy and Sicily was different. These areas in the XI century. conquered the Normans, who formed the Sicilian kingdom there. The feudal nobility in the kingdom existed, but the kings held it under their control. At the beginning of the XIII century. The Sicilian kingdom was given to Frederick II, […]...
14. The Norman Conquest of England In the middle of the XI century. England attracted the attention of the Duchy of Normandy, formed on the territory of France. It was inhabited mainly by the Normans. They during their residence have turned from robbers-pagans to robbers-Christians – knights. In 1066, the Norman Duke William the Conqueror led a 15,000-strong force of Norman […]...
15. First Plantagenets. Henry II. Richard the Lionheart William the Conqueror made England a powerful state. But it became more powerful under the dynasty Plantagenet. With the death in 1135 of King Henry I, the youngest son of William the Conqueror, the Norman dynasty ended. A fierce struggle for power broke out in England. Barons no longer obeyed the king, built their own […]...
16. Summary of Eugénie de France The Marquis de Sade Eugénie de France “To lead a man to correct morals by pointing out the proper path” – the reason that prompted the author to create this woeful tale. Rich and noble Franval, corrupted by his education and “newfangled trends,” marries the charming Mademoiselle de Farney. The wife adores her husband, he […]...
17. English Society XIV-XV centuries In English society, there have been some changes. There was an increasing interest in trade, especially overseas, so shipbuilding flourished. Most of the nobles no longer considered entrepreneurship something shameful, they learned how to manage the economy in a new way and increasingly became like the bourgeoisie of cities. But there were also “old” noblemen […]...
18. “Eugenie de France” of the Garden in brief summary “To move a man to correct morals, pointing out the proper way to him,” is the reason that prompted the author to create this woeful tale. Rich and noble Franval, corrupted by his education and “newfangled trends,” marries the charming Mademoiselle de Farney. The wife adores her husband, he is “amazingly cold-blooded” to her. Nevertheless, […]...
19. Common questions to the country France 1. Using the text and maps, indicate the nature of France. How does the geographical position affect it? France is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Well-moistened north-west of the country with a flat relief provides the population of France with basic food products and gives the opportunity to […]...
20. England in the XIV-XV centuries. The War of the Roses and the White Roses In 1348, the English people experienced an epidemic of plague – “black death”, which claimed almost a third of the country’s population. Feudal lords, rich merchants and craftsmen faced the problem of shortage of workers and preservation of old wages. To satisfy their interests, royal power in the second half of the XIV century. issued […]...
21. Composition on the picture Vereshchagin “At the stage of bad news from France” The paintings of V. V. Vereshchagin from his cycle “1812-th year” are a real chronicle of the Napoleonic era. The painting “At the Stage – Bad News from France” (1887-1895) tells of an episode from the life of Napoleon during his disgraceful escape from Russia. The retreat of the Napoleonic army was in full swing. […]...
22. Seniors, vassals, peasants. Feudal staircase In the Middle Ages in Europe, special, different than in the ancient world, social relations – feudal. What does this mean? Public feudal lords became feudal lords. Only they were the owners of the land. Therefore, all who used the land, depended on them. The feudal lords were not equal in rank and wealth, but […]...
23. “Twenty years later” by A. Dumas in brief The middle of the XVII century. Instituted by the Fronde, the people of Paris murmur: the deputies, the merchants, the judiciary are outraged by the policies of Cardinal Mazarin, who sucks out all the juices from taxpayers. The Queen, who was going to Mass in the Cathedral of the Notre Dame, was haunted by a […]...
24. The Crusades of 1096-1270 The first in 1096 moved to distant Jerusalem detachments of French and German peasants – almost unarmed, without food supplies. On the way, they robbed and killed everyone, especially the Jews. Their fate was sad. The Byzantine emperor quickly sent them across the Bosporus to Asia Minor, where the Seljuks almost all this “army” and […]...
25. Viking hiking Until the end of VIII – beginning of IX centuries. Western Europe knew nothing about the Normans. When she faced them face to face, she became desperate, as she was the victim of their devastating raids that lasted throughout the 9th-11th centuries. It was these invaders that Western Europeans called Vikings. Vikings were brave warriors. […]...
26. Summary Twenty years later Alexander Dumas Alexander Dumas Twenty years later The middle of the XVII century. Spurred on by the Fronde, the people of Paris murmurs: deputies, merchants, legal department outraged policy of Cardinal Mazarin, sucking all the juice out of the taxpayers. The Queen, who was going to Mass in the Cathedral of the Notre Dame, was haunted by […]...
27. The reign of Philip IV the Beautiful The royal power was strengthened under Philip IV the Beautiful. He sought to expand his domain. The first marriage of Philip IV was married to Jeanne, the Queen of Navarre and the Countess de Champagne, thus joining these territories to France. The main purpose of Philip was to capture Geei and Gascony, still owned by […]...
28. The emergence of the English Parliament Henry III did not fulfill the obligations, therefore in 1263 a civil war broke out in England. The army of Simon de Montfort defeated the royal army, captured Henry III and Crown Prince. In the beginning of 1265 Simon de Montfort actually became the dictator of England. To strengthen his power, he convened the Supreme […]...
29. Summary The young years of King Henry IV Henry Mann Young years of King Henry IV Part I. The Pyrenees of the Boy called Henry. The mother instructed Henry to take care of the relative and the educator, so that the son would grow up, as the children grow up among the people. He lived in the castle of Coarraz, and the area […]...
30. Honore de Balzac – the glory and pride of France Honore de Balzac is a great French writer-realist. His merit in the development of world literature lies primarily in the fact that he raised the genre of the novel to the heights of artistic perfection and social significance. Stendhal was right to call Balzac “the king of novelists.” Looking closely at the surrounding reality, relying […]...
31. “The young years of King Henry IV” Mann in brief summary XVI century. Henry, a boy from a noble French family who grew up in a provincial Bearna, after passing through the dangers of the St. Bartholomew’s night, trials and intrigue, becomes King of France Henry IV. Part I. Pyrenees The boy’s name was Heinrich. The mother instructed Henry to take care of the relative and […]...
32. The main events, information and facts on the topic “Europe, Byzantium, the Arab World” in the tables A country Prominent figures Developments Byzantine Empire 1) Justinian and Theodora 2) Leo III Isaurus 3) The Macedonian dynasty 4) Vasily II The Bulgarian 5) the Comnen dynasty 6) the Paleologic dynasty 1) the code of Justinian The uprising of “Nika” Church of St. Sophia 2) iconoclasm 3) “Golden Age” of the empire; The flowering […]...
33. Education of the Swiss Union. Strengthening of territorial principalities As a result of the fall of the dynasty of Staufen the Holy Roman Empire lost its former strength. German spiritual and secular princes became almost independent rulers. The main place among them was occupied by the Electors, the princes, who had the right to elect the king. In 1273, they elected Count Rudolph Habsburg […]...
34. Southern Italy and Sicily in the XII-XV. “Sicilian Vespers” In 1130 the Norman Duke Roger II, ruler of the south of Italy and Sicily, received from the pope the title of king. So there was a Sicilian kingdom. Formally, Roger II and his heirs were considered vassals of the pope, but in fact the Sicilian kingdom was a completely independent state. The Sicilian kingdom […]...
35. Feudal castle in medieval Europe At the end of IX c. in Europe, the construction of feudal castles begins. They were built not only by rich lords, but also by middle-class feudal lords. The massive construction of the castles was predetermined by constant invasions of enemies. Usually the castle was built on a hill or on a high bank, from […]...
36. “Magna Carta”. King John the Landless Henry II left his heirs strong royal power. But right after his death they faced serious challenges. The war with France, England, in the end, lost. The scapegoats for this and other setbacks were made by the barons of John the Landless, the youngest son of Henry II. This king, as luck would have, quarreled […]...
37. Feudal fragmentation. “States in the State” The Middle Ages was for Europe the era of feudal fragmentation. Local rulers – dukes, counts and barons, that is vassals of the king – were grandees, poorly obeyed the monarch, their possessions were states in the state. The king often had to apply force against them. XI-XII centuries. From the works of the medieval […]...
38. Sentimental journey through France and Italy Lawrence Stern Sentimental journey through France and Italy Deciding to make a trip to France and Italy, an Englishman with Shakespeare’s name Yorick landed in Calais. He reflects on travel and travelers, dividing them into different categories. He attributes himself to the category of “sensitive travelers”. A monk comes to Yorik with a request to […]...
39. Summary of the Viscount de Bragelon, or Ten Years Later Alexandre Dumas Viscount de Bragelonne, or Ten Years Later … May 1660th. The beginning of the independent rule of the young Louis XIV. The heir to the English throne, Charles II, who lives in exile incognito, meets with his cousin, the king of France, and asks for his support in the restoration of the throne. […]...
40. “Sentimental journey through France and Italy” Sterne in brief summary Deciding to make a trip to France and Italy, an Englishman with Shakespeare’s name Yorick landed in Calais. He reflects on travel and travelers, dividing them into different categories. He attributes himself to the category of “sensitive travelers”. A monk comes to Yorik with a request to donate to a poor monastery, which pushes the […]...