Anglo-Saxon kingdoms

In the early fifth century. the Roman troops permanently left Britain, inhabited then by the Celtic tribes. The dust had not yet settled behind them, and the German tribes of the Angles, Saxons, Utes had already come to Britain and unceremoniously settled on the land of the owners. VIII century. From the work of the … Read more

Feudal fragmentation. “States in the State”

The Middle Ages was for Europe the era of feudal fragmentation. Local rulers – dukes, counts and barons, that is vassals of the king – were grandees, poorly obeyed the monarch, their possessions were states in the state. The king often had to apply force against them. XI-XII centuries. From the works of the medieval … Read more

Summary of “Golem”

Prague, the beginning of the century. The narration is from the first person. The hero is not sleeping, or awake. Moonlight falls in the foothold of his bed. The hero feels that his sleeping body lies in bed, and “the feelings are separated from the body and do not depend on him anymore” … Suddenly … Read more

Summary of the “Canterbury Tales” by Chaucer

In spring, in April, when the earth wakes from hibernation, on all sides of England flock of pilgrims to the abbey of Canterbury bow to the relics of St. Thomas Becket. Once in Tabard’s tavern, in Sauerk, a rather diverse company of pilgrims gathered, all of whom were united: they all kept their way to … Read more

Summary Interesting stories

J. T. de Reo Interesting stories The author collected oral testimonies, his own observations and historical works of his time and on their basis recreated the life of the French society of the end of the 16th – the first half of the 17th century, presenting it as a kaleidoscope of short stories, the heroes … Read more

Biography Ivan Semenovich Barkov

(1732 – 1768) Ivan Semenovich Barkov (1732-1768) – a noble son, a Russian poet and translator. He graduated from the seminary, then consisted consistently of the Russian Academy of Sciences: a student, a compositor, a copyist, and an interpreter. Barkov translated mostly ancient authors. I squandered my talent and strength with excessive drunkenness. In 1763-1764 … Read more

Summary “Iphigenia in Tauris” of Euripides

Tauris, the ancient Greeks called the modern Crimea. There lived Taurians – a Scythian tribe that honored the goddess-virgo and brought her human sacrifices, which in Greece had long since emerged from custom. The Greeks believed that this goddess-maiden – not who else, like their Artemis-hunter. They had a myth, at the outset and at … Read more

Painting Tropinin “Portrait of the singer Bulakhov”

Tropinin impressed with his diverse approach to ensuring that the people he painted in the familiar home comfort conditions benefited from it in his own way. Every contemporary could not only notice the similarity with the original, but also read the personality features in a smile, in the expression of a person, in a glance. … Read more

“The Night is Tender” by Fitzgerald in Brief Content

1925 Rosemary Hoyt, a young but already famous after the success in the film “Father’s daughter” Hollywood actress, together with her mother comes to the Cote d’Azur. Summer is not a season, only one of the numerous hotels is open. On a deserted beach, two companies of Americans: “white” and “black”, as Rosemary called them … Read more

Summary Heinrich von Ofterdingen

Novalis Heinrich von Ofterdingen The work is based on the legend of the famous Minnesinger of the 13th century. Heinrich von Oterdingingen. The external eventual canvas is only a necessary material shell for the depiction of the deep internal process of the poet’s becoming and Henry’s comprehension of the life ideal, portrayed allegorically by Novalis … Read more