Geography

1. How does the nature of the Arctic seas vary from west to east? The nature of the Arctic seas is harsh and unfriendly, they are covered with ice for most of the year. From the west to the east the seas become colder. If the influence of the Atlantic is still felt in the … Read more

Man by his economic activities greatly changed the nature of Eurasia, especially the zones of mixed and broad-leaved forests, forest-steppes and steppes. Here, instead of natural vegetation, agricultural lands appeared, cities were built, villages were built. Many of the wild animals, having lost their habitat, are on the verge of extinction. Plants and animals that … Read more

The coasts of Eurasia are strongly dissected. The length of the coastline of Eurasia is more than 2.5 times longer than the Earth’s equator. Near the coast of the mainland there are large sea areas. In the Atlantic Ocean – the Northern, Norwegian, Baltic, Mediterranean, Black, Sea of ​​Azov. In the Arctic – Barents. Karskoe, … Read more

When moving deeper into the continent within the temperate zone, the amount of precipitation is gradually reduced. Wooded areas are becoming less and open spaces covered with thick grass are larger. So gradually the forest zone passes into the forest-steppe, and that, in turn, – into the steppe. Forest steppes and steppes occupy the interior … Read more

1. What are the main areas of fertilizer production in the country? Basically, the production of fertilizers is concentrated in the Central, Central Black Earth, North-West, Ural and Volga regions. As noted above, this is due either to the proximity of raw materials, or the presence of a consumer. 2. Study the chemical products surrounding … Read more

Among Africa, Australia and South America, North America is second only to South America in terms of the density of the river network and the number of rivers, lakes and marshes. However, due to the heterogeneity of the climate, they are unevenly distributed. The rivers of North America belong to the Atlantic basins. Pacific and … Read more

1. Why did the share of oil and gas sharply increase in the structure of consumed fuel? Fuel is the name of combustible substances, the combustion of which generates heat energy. The main constituent of these substances is carbon. By origin, fuel is divided into natural and artificial; on the aggregate state – on solid, … Read more

Australia separated from the “mother” of the ancient mainland of Gondwana earlier than other continents. For a long time she had almost no connection with the world. This explains the uniqueness of its vegetation and fauna. Here, a large number of representatives of the organic world that existed on Earth 50 million years ago remained. … Read more

The main part of the inhabitants of the mainland is the indigenous population, belonging to the three races – Caucasoid, Negroid and Mongoloid. Representatives of the Caucasoid race live mainly in the north of Africa. These are samples and Berbers, who in ancient times moved here from Asia. They are characterized by dark skin, dark … Read more

1. What is the peculiarity of the geographic location of the Arctic Ocean? How does it affect its nature? The peculiarity of the geographic location of the Arctic Ocean lies in its name. This is the northernmost of the oceans. A significant part of it is covered with thick ice that does not melt throughout … Read more

The Atlantic Ocean people began to learn from time immemorial. Its waters, according to scientists, washed the legendary Atlantis. Within its limits sailors of ancient Greece sailed. Carthage, and later – Scandinavia. After Christopher Columbus in 1492 carried out his famous journey, the Atlantic Ocean began to actively develop. Since then – this is the … Read more

If the Earth was always facing the Sun with one side, like the Moon to the Earth, there would not be a change of day and night, summer and winter. There would be two conditional hemispheres – “daylight” and “night”. Life on such a planet would stop. Owing to a sharp change in temperature, the … Read more

Determine the distance separating the European Center from Eastern Siberia, assess the transport conditions, locate the population and assess the physical, economic and geographical situation of Eastern Siberia. Moscow is 3375 km from Krasnoyarsk, the western borders of the East Siberian economic region from the eastern borders of Central Russia are -3100 km. By rail … Read more

1. Why is the density of population different in different parts of the world? For a long time, mankind has spread throughout the territory of the Earth, gradually accumulating in places most favorable for living. The further development of the society showed that, despite the state’s desire to level the density of the population throughout … Read more

In ancient times, states in Africa did not have clear boundaries. The division of the territory began mainly during the colonization of the continent by European states and ended only in the second half of the 20th century. The outlines of the borders, which are straight lines, recall the colonial past of Africa. The colonialists … Read more

Natural protected areas are land or sea areas on which the entire natural complex or its individual components are preserved in their natural state. In these territories, economic activities are completely prohibited or its individual elements. In our time, no one denies the need to preserve natural complexes, plants and animals in them. In some … Read more

1. What determines the salinity of ocean waters? The world ocean – the main part of the hydrosphere – is a continuous water shell of the globe. The waters of the World Ocean are heterogeneous in composition and differ in salinity, temperature, transparency and other signs. The salinity of the waters in the ocean depends … Read more

The land area is 14 million km2. The population is not permanent. The highest point above sea level is the Vinson massif. The average thickness of the ice cover is -2000 m. The largest island is Berkner. The lowest temperature is -892 ° С. Number of states with scientific research stations -18. The number of … Read more

The Pacific Ocean occupies 1/3 of the entire earth’s surface and 1/2 of the World Ocean area. Almost in the middle it is divided by the equator, the meridian passes through its waters 1804 The ocean ishes the shores of five continents. The western part of the ocean is bounded by Eurasia and Australia, the … Read more

1. Using maps of the atlas, give a comparative physico-geographical description of the Black and Azov Seas. In the atlas for the 9th grade there are physical maps, they show the relief of the bottom, depicted with the help of isobaths – lines of equal depth. These maps show that the Black Sea is located … Read more

1. What do you think, what became the modern “Great Russian”? What qualities of his ancestors were preserved, and which ones were formed anew? Reading the description of the Great Russians, many Russian schoolchildren, probably, were delighted. Indeed, all the listed qualities can be called positive and it is pleasant to think that they were … Read more

1. What is the law of natural zoning in the territory of Eurasia? This geographical law in the territory of Eurasia is most clearly manifested in the sequence of alternation of natural zones. One natural zone replaces another when moving from north to south. 2. It is known that in the forests more vegetative mass … Read more

1. On the map, determine in which climatic zones are tropical deserts and semi-deserts. To complete this task, you will need maps of natural zones and climatic zones. Determine in what climatic zones are these natural areas. Why did they form exactly in these climatic zones? The main reason is the average annual rainfall, typical … Read more

The vegetation and fauna of Antarctica are distinguished by their exceptional poverty and originality. Most of the territory of Antarctica lies within the natural zone of the Antarctic deserts. Here scant vegetation is concentrated only in oases. In summer, their stone surface is heated by the sun and warms the surrounding air. Therefore here grow … Read more

1. What, in your opinion, are the old cities different from the new ones? What are their features? At first glance, the old cities differ only in architecture and layout, they preserve ancient buildings, there are historical monuments, and therefore, a powerful potential for the development of tourism. However, in all the ancient cities there … Read more

1. What impact on the nature of the Atlantic Ocean is its geographical location and size? The meridional extent of the Atlantic Ocean determines the difference in its nature in latitude. The north of the ocean is strongly influenced by the Arctic, and the south by the Antarctic; the ocean lies in almost all climatic … Read more

Features of the organic world of the continent. The diversity of the natural conditions of South America determines the species richness of plants and animals, and the remoteness from other continents is their originality. Since in the past geological era, South America was part of the single continent of Gondwana, some plant forks are similar … Read more

1. List all branches of the agricultural specialization of the European South. What was the basis for their development? The region occupies a leading position in Russia in terms of the gross harvest of sunflower, sugar beet, fruits and berries, gross grain harvest, as well as the sheep and goat population. Almost all agricultural products … Read more

The relief has a significant impact on the climate of the continent. The predominance of flat areas in the west of Eurasia contributes to the development of humid Atlantic air masses deep into the land. Their influence is felt even beyond the Ural Mountains, although considerably weakened. On the Eastern European Plain, cold Arctic air … Read more

1. Prove, using the example of the Zambezi River and the lakes of Tanganyika and Chad, that rivers and lakes depend on terrain and climate. In order to prove the dependence that exists between the inland waters and the relief, it is necessary to trace the nature of the flow of rivers and the shape … Read more

1. What are the features of the location of natural areas in Australia? What are they explained? Having studied the map of natural areas, you can easily determine the features of their location. But in order to correctly answer the second question of this task, it is necessary to carefully read the text of the … Read more

The area is 54.6 million km2. The population is -4.95 billion people. The highest point at sea level is the city of Jomolungma, 8850 m. The lowest point from sea level is the surface of the Dead Sea. The longest river is the Yangtze River, 5800 km. The largest lake is the Caspian Sea. The … Read more

Spontaneous phenomena are events in nature, manifested as a powerful destructive force. These include, in particular, droughts, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, hurricanes, etc. Natural phenomena can lead to numerous human casualties, the destruction of buildings, roads, damage to agricultural lands, forests. In Africa, natural disasters include, first of all, permanent droughts, during which there is … Read more

In Eurasia there are many lakes. The largest in terms of area lakes in the world include Baikal, Balkhash and Ladoga. However, the unconditional world leader is the Caspian Lake, which because of its considerable size is even called the sea. In Eurasia, along with giant lakes, there are thousands of small ones that resemble … Read more

Gradually, in the direction to the north and east, the semi-deserts pass into savannas – the vast edges of grasses. In the area of ​​savannah in Australia are second only to deserts. They are located in the northern part of the continent in the conditions of the subequatorial climate, as well as in the more … Read more

According to scientists, South America began to be populated 15-17 thousand years ago by Indians from North America. They belong to the Mongoloid race. Therefore, the most probable is that their ancestors came to America from Asia. By the time the Europeans discovered South America, it was inhabited by various Indian peoples, standing at different … Read more

1. Why are large areas covered in Eurasia with modern glaciers? The northern islands and peninsulas of Eurasia, as well as the belt of high mountains in the south are covered with snow and ice, which do not melt throughout the year. This is due to the conditions that are necessary for the formation and … Read more

1. Identify which African countries or parts of them are densely populated and which are weak. In which countries are there uninhabited territories? Explain the reasons. The population on the Earth as a whole and on each continent is placed extremely unevenly. Using a population density map, you will be able to discover areas completely … Read more

The African proverb says: water is more expensive than flour. This indicates that local people value water above wealth. On large areas of Africa, water is really scarce. Nevertheless, not everywhere on the mainland it is lacking. Here and there, even in excess water. The uneven distribution of water bodies in Africa is related to … Read more

1. The objects being compared should have something in common. In this case, the two economic regions bordering each other are called “Central”. The comparison must have a goal. For example, find out the cause of the differences or determine the consequences. Comparison can pursue a practical goal or a theoretical, scientific one. The purpose … Read more

1. Explain the location of large relief forms on the mainland. Why are the Cordilleras located in the west of the mainland? Map the physical map of North America with a map of the structure of the earth’s crust. The North American platform is expressed in relief by the Central and Great Plains, and the … Read more

Where the dry period lasts sometimes year-round, and short-term rains fall irregularly, lies the natural zone of tropical deserts and semi-deserts. The largest area in Africa, it occupies the Northern Hemisphere. Here, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea for 5000 km wide stripe from west to east extends the Sahara desert. In southern … Read more

1. Explain the relationship of the size, geographic location, terrain and mineral resources of the islands to their origin. Islands can be formed by separation from the mainland. Such islands are called continental islands. The size of such islands is quite large compared with the islands of volcanic and coral origin. The mainland islands are … Read more

In Eurasia, there are all kinds of minerals that humanity uses. This is due to the size of the continent and the complex structure of the earth’s crust. Large deposits of iron ore are discovered in France, on the Scandinavian Peninsula, on the Eastern European Plain, in Kazakhstan, Siberia, on the Dekan plateau in India. … Read more

The settlement of the islands of Oceania began many millennia ago. There are various hypotheses of the origin of the peoples of Oceania. Some scientists believe that the settling of the islands began the representatives of the equatorial race from the Eurasian mainland. Others, for example, the Norwegian scientist Thor Heyerdahl, argue that Oceania was … Read more

Africa from Europe is separated by a narrow Strait of Gibraltar, whose width is 14 km. In ancient times this strait was called the Hercules pillars. Later, the Arabs who conquered Spain named the Jebel Tal Garik Strait, the Tarika mountain, named after an Arab commander who in 711 crossed the strait at the head … Read more

A person’s life outside nature is impossible. To ensure its existence, human society uses both natural and natural conditions. The natural conditions include the components of nature that affect the life and economic activities of the population. First of all, it concerns climate and relief. It is the climatic conditions that make it possible to … Read more

The wealth and diversity of minerals in South America are due to the structure of the earth’s crust. Their origin and location is associated with tectonic structures, the activities of the internal and external forces of the Earth. In the folded areas and shields of the ancient platforms, mainly find ore minerals of igneous origin. … Read more

The area of ​​the continent is 7.687 million km2. The population is 20.1 million people. The highest point on the sea level is Kosciusko. The lowest point from the sea level is the lake. Air. The average height above sea level is 215 m. The longest coral reef is the Great Barrier Reef The largest … Read more

1. What features of the population were influenced by the Volga and its tributaries? At all times, the development of territories and resettlement went on the rivers. In the forest regions the rivers were the main transport arteries, and water supply is necessary for the management of any economy and life in general. Fisheries and … Read more