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1. Biography of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupery – writer, pilot. Born Antoine de Saint-Exupery June 29, 1900 in Lyon. After the death of his father, he was brought up by his mother. The first education in the biography of Antoine Marie de Saint-Exupery was received at the Jesuit school of Le Mans. After that he studied […]...
2. Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. Biography Son of Professor of the Kiev Theological Academy, was born on May 3, 1891 in Kiev. In 1909 he graduated from the first gymnasium in Kiev. In 1916 – Kiev University of Medical Faculty. In 1916-1917, he served as a doctor in the zemstvo of Smolensk province. In 1918-1919 he lived in Kiev, – the […]...
3. Summary Ionesco E Eugene Ionesco, Eugene Ionescu, Eugene Ionescu, November 26, 1909, Slatina, Romania – March 28, 1994, Paris) is a Romanian playwright, one of the founders of the aesthetic current of absurdism. Member of the French Academy (1970). Ionesco was born on November 26, 1909 in Slatina (Romania). His parents took him to Paris, and his first […]...
4. Biography of Victor Hugo Victor Marie Hugo – French writer, academician, activist. Born Hugo February 26, 1802 in the French city of Besancon in the family of the general. The first years of his biography, Victor Hugo spent in Marseille, as well as various cities in Italy. Education began to receive in the Lyceum of Louis the Great. The […]...
5. Biography of Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky is a famous Russian writer and a talented playwright. The founder of the modern Russian theater, the founder of the Art Circle, a corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences and the winner of the Uvarov Prize. Early years. Education and career. Born March 31, 1823 in Moscow, grew up in […]...
6. Summary of “The Fables of Jean de Lafontaine” Jean de Lafontaine – French poet, writer, illustrious fabulist, member of the French Academy – was born in Champagne, Chateau-Thierry July 8, 1621. His father was a state forester, so the childhood of the future celebrity passed on nature. Jean received his primary education in a village school, then in a Reims college. Later I […]...
7. Summary Arbuzov A. N Alexei Nikolayevich Arbuzov (May 13 (26), 1908, Moscow – April 20, 1986) is a Russian playwright. Arbuzov was born in Moscow, in an intelligent family. In 1914 the family moved to Petrograd, in 1916 began to study at the gymnasium, but did not receive systematic education. The revolution of 1917, famine and severe illness of […]...
8. Summary The Thibaut Family R. M. du Gar Family Thibault The beginning of XX century. Gentle friendship connects two classmates – Jacques Thibault and Daniel de Fontaine. Opening one of the teachers correspondence between the boys leads to a tragedy. Insulted in the best of his school mentors, who roughly mastered his treasured “gray notebook” and vilestly interpreted friendship […]...
9. “The family of Thibaut” Gara in brief summary The beginning of XX century. Gentle friendship connects two classmates – Jacques Thibault and Daniel de Fontaine. Opening one of the teachers correspondence between the boys leads to a tragedy. Insulted in the best of his school mentors, who roughly mastered his treasured “gray notebook” and vilestly interpreted friendship with Daniel, Jacques and his friend […]...
10. Summary Ershov P. P Petr Pavlovich Ershov (February 22 (March 6) 1815, Bezrukovo, Ishim district, Tobolsk province – August 18 (18), Tobolsk) is a Russian poet, writer and playwright. Born in the family of an official. Father for business related activities, often moved. The Ershovs crossed the chain of Cossack settlements, visited places where the legends about the times […]...
11. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Biography Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a Russian writer, master of short stories and psychological plays. Chekhov the prose writer developed the traditions of Russian realistic prose of the nineteenth century, enriching them with elements of symbolism and impressionism. And as a playwright he created an innovative theater that opened a new page in the world of […]...
12. Biography of John Constable John Constable is an English painter, was born in Suffolk. The biographies of Constable and Turner are considered to be leading in the English art of the landscape of the 19th century. Constable became famous for his images of the places Suffolk, Hampstead, Salisbury, Brighton. Being the son of a prosperous miller, he discovered artistic […]...
13. Biography Afinogenov Alexander (1904 – 1941) Afinogenov Alexander Nikolayevich (1904 – 1941), playwright. Born March 22 (April 4, 2007) in Skopin, Ryazan province in the family of a railway employee, who later became a writer (pseudonym – N. Stepnoy). After graduation, Afinogenov entered the Moscow Institute of Journalism, which ends in 1924. In the same year he published […]...
14. Summary Zalygin S. P Sergei Pavlovich Zalygin (November 23 (December 6) 1913 – April 19, 2000) – Russian Soviet writer. Editor of the journal “New World”, on his initiative in the USSR in 1988, again began to print AI Solzhenitsyn. Zalygin was born on December 6, 1913 (November 23 in the old style) in the village of Durasovka Sterlitamak […]...
15. Biography of Albert Camus Albert Camus is a French writer, was born in Algiers. Camus was one of the most important authors and thinkers of the 20th century. As a student at the University of Algiers, he formed a theater group and adapted, directed and staged plays. He was active in public reforms, and became a member of the […]...
16. Romanticism is a general characteristic Romanticism – one of the most vivid and significant trends in art. Originating initially in Germany and a little later in England, it was then widely diffused in almost all European countries and had a huge impact on world culture. Without exaggeration, romanticism can be called a revolution in art: the revolutionary era was the […]...
17. Biography Maeterlinck Maurice Maeterlinck (Maeterlinck) Maurice (29. 8.1862, Gent, – 5.5.1949, Nice, France), a Belgian writer. I wrote in French. He was born in the family of a notary. He studied law in Paris. Since 1896 he lived in France. The idealistic symbolist views of early M (set forth in the book The Treasure of the Humble, 1896) […]...
18. Summary of “Career Rugons” Zola In the first novel in this series, Zola talks about the origins of the Rugon family and the Makkarov family, as well as the emergence of the Second Empire in France, which provided great opportunities for bourgeois speculation and adventure. The narrative begins with the author’s foreword, in which Zola clearly articulates his task as […]...
19. Summary Balter B. And Boris Isaakovich Balter (1919-1974) – Russian Soviet prose writer, author of the story “Good-bye, boys!”. He graduated from school in Evpatoria. In 1936 he was sent to Leningrad, and from 1938 to the Kiev Military School; Officer participated in the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic War; since 1944 – member of the party. In 1945-1946 he […]...
20. Romanticism in Russian literature Romanticism in the n literature of the 19th century – a phenomenon that is wide-ranging and diverse. Formerly, two of its types were divided: conservative and revolutionary. However, this division is too subjective. It would be more correct to divide it into those figures that influenced this current in Europe as a whole and Russian […]...
21. Biography Vasiliev Boris Lvovich (born 1924) Vasiliev Boris Lvovich (born in 1924), prose writer, playwright. Born May 21 in Smolensk in the family of a serviceman. Refers to the generation of young men, who were destined from the school bench to step into the heat of war. He fought in the airborne troops. After the war he graduated from […]...
22. Summary Zheromsky S Stefan Zeromski (Polish: Stefan Zeromski, October 14, 1864, Strazcin near Kielce – November 20, 1925, Warsaw) is a Polish writer, playwright, publicist. He was born in an impoverished gentry family. Father for his involvement in the insurrection of 1863 was deprived of property and rented a farm. Zheromsky studied at the gymnasium in Kielce, where, […]...
23. Biography of Cyril Patriarch Cyril – Patriarch of Moscow, Bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church. Metropolitan Kirill was born in Leningrad on November 20, 1946. The father of Metropolitan Kirill Gundyaev was a mechanic, who later became a priest, Mikhail Vasilyevich Gundyaev. In the family of Metropolitan Kirill was another son – Nikolai, who taught at the Theological […]...
24. Biography of Saint-Exupéry Antoine Saint-Exupéry (Saint-Exupery) Antoine de (29.6.1900, Lyon, – 31.7.1944), French writer. He was born into an aristocratic family. In 1919-21 he studied at the School of Fine Arts, in 1921-23 he served in the army; then worked in the factory. In 1926 he became a civilian pilot, in the same year he published his first short […]...
25. Biography of Mikhail Saakashvili Mikhail Nikolozovich Saakashvili is a politician, the president of Georgia. Mikhail was born on December 21, 1967 in the city of Tbilisi. After graduating from the school in 1984 with a gold medal, in the biography of Mikhail Nikolozovich Saakashvili began training in various institutions. First he graduated from the Institute of International Relations of […]...
26. Summary Barbus A Henri Barbusse (born 17 May 1873 – August 30, 1935, Moscow) is a French writer, journalist and public figure in the international communist movement. Foreign Honorary Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1933). Member of the French Communist Party since 1923. Fame for Henri Barbusse came thanks to the anti-war novel “Fire” (Le Feu, […]...
27. Andrei Andreevich Voznesensky. Biography The life and work of AA Voznesensky in dates and facts 1933, May 12 – the birth of the poet in Moscow in the family of scientific workers. His father is Andrey Nikolayevich Voznesensky, a participant in the construction of the largest hydroelectric power plants – the Bratsk, the Ingursky. 1941-1945 – evacuation to the […]...
28. Summary “Waiting for Godot” Beckett The main characters in the play “Waiting for Godot” – Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo) – seem to be bogged down in time, nailed to one place by the expectation of a certain Godot, a meeting with which, in their opinion, will make sense in their meaningless existence and rid the threats of hostile the […]...
29. Friedrich Josef Dürrenmatt. Biography Friedrich Dürrenmatt is a Swiss playwright, novelist, publicist, author of screenplays and radio plays, whose work is marked by a number of national and international prizes. His “grotesque theater”, developed within the genre of tragicomedy and exposing the vices of public consciousness, became one of the most striking phenomena of the world drama of the […]...
30. Family Library In our family there is a personal library. It is small, within the capabilities of a standard two-bedroom apartment. It has about 2,5 thousand books. The beginning of the collection of books in our house was put by my grandmother immediately after the end of the Great Patriotic War. She collected Russian and foreign art […]...
31. “Portrait of Dorian Gray” Wilde in brief summary On a sunny summer day, the talented painter Basil Hallward takes in his workshop an old friend of Lord Henry Wotton – the epicurean esthete, the “Prince of Paradox”, by definition of one of the characters. In the latter one easily recognizes the features of Oscar Wilde, familiar to contemporaries, to whom the author of […]...
32. Summary of “Utopia” The book begins with a kind of introduction – a letter from Thomas More to a friend Peter Egidia with a request to read “Utopia” and write whether some important details had escaped Mora. First book The narration is conducted on behalf of Thomas More. He arrives in Flanders as an ambassador and meets Peter […]...
33. Summary Charles Gounod CHARLES GUONE 1818-1893 Gounod is an outstanding French composer, who made a significant contribution to the development of national traditions of democratic art. In his best operas, he strove for a true transfer of the life drama of ordinary people, to a colorful sketch of real life. These features of the plot and the means […]...
34. Summary Dorian Gray’s Portrait Oscar Wilde Portrait of Dorian Gray On a sunny summer day, the talented painter Basil Hallward takes in his workshop an old friend of Lord Henry Wotton – the epicurean esthete, the “Prince of Paradox”, by definition of one of the characters. In the latter one easily recognizes the features of Oscar Wilde, familiar to […]...
35. Summary of “The Picture of Dorian Gray” by Oulda On a sunny summer day, the talented painter Basil Hallward takes in his workshop an old friend of Lord Henry Wotton – the epicurean esthete, the “Prince of Paradox”, by definition of one of the characters. In the latter one easily recognizes the features of Oscar Wilde, familiar to contemporaries, to whom the author of […]...
36. Summary of Amadou F Jorge Amado (port Jorge Amado, August 10, 1912, Itabuna, Bahia – August 6, 2001, Salvador, Bahia) is a famous Brazilian writer, public and political figure. Born in 1912 on the hacienda of Aurisidia in the state of Bahia. A year later, because of the smallpox epidemic, his family was forced to move to the city […]...
37. Tsvetaeva’s short story “The Tale of Sonechka” “The Tale of Sonechka” tells about the most romantic period in the biography of Marina Tsvetaeva – about her Moscow life in 1919-20. in Borisoglebsky Lane. This time of uncertainty, poverty, persecution. At the same time, this is the time of the great crisis, in which there is something romantic and great, and behind the […]...
38. Life is short art forever “Life is short, art is eternal,” the ancient Romans said. This expression means that the values ​​embodied in works of art are eternal and do not lose their significance. Looking at the great architectural structures of the past, you are convinced that this saying is absolutely true. But what about the works of verbal art? […]...
39. Summary “Portrait” of Gogol The story “Portrait” of Gogol was written in 1833 – 1834 and entered the cycle “Petersburg Stories”. The work consists of two parts, which tell us about two different fates of artists. The link between the stories is a mystical portrait of the usurer, which had a special impact on the lives of both heroes. […]...
40. Biography of Friedrich Schiller Friedrich Schiller is a German poet, historian and philosopher. Childhood and youth Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller was born in Marbach-on-Neckar, Württemberg, Holy Roman Empire. His parents were Johann Kaspar Schiller – military paramedic and Elizabeth Dorothea Code. In 1763, his father was appointed a recruiter in the German city of Schwäbisch Gmünd, because of […]...