Summary Leos Janacek


LEOSH YANACHEK

1854-1928

Janacek is an outstanding Czech composer, conductor, teacher, music critic and music and public figure. His art is marked by progressive aspiration, loyalty to humanistic ideals, folk traditions. In his works, closely related to the advanced Czech literature, he glorifies the common man, his spiritual strength, honesty and diligence, he flouts social injustice and oppression, philistinism and stagnation. Janacek’s music is distinguished by a bright national identity, emotional power, the truth of expression, mastery of orchestration.

Leoš Janáček was born on July 3, 1854 in the village of Hukvaldy in the north-east of Moravia in the family of a national teacher. He received his musical education first at the Prague Organ School (1874-1876), then at the Leipzig and Vienna Conservatoires (1879-1880). In addition, Yanachek studied philology, aesthetics and psychology at the Brno Academy.

Very early began the pedagogical and choirmaster

activities of Janacek. He was an active participant in many social undertakings, but the main place, starting with the student’s years, was occupied with writing. The young composer turned to various genres, worked on choirs, orchestral, piano and violin plays. In the 80’s Janacek – the head of the whole musical life of Moravia. He organizes the Organ School in Brno and becomes its director. From 1919 to 1925 he directed the highest class of composition in the Brno branch of the Prague Conservatory. In addition, Janacek plays a lot in the press, takes part in symphony and chamber concerts.

Yanachek visited Russia three times, was an ardent supporter of the fraternal unity of the Slavic peoples, the organizer of the “Russian Circle”, engaged in the study of the Russian language, literature and folklore. Many of the composer’s works are inspired by the work of Russian writers. Among them were the operas “Katya Kabanova” on “The Storm” by A. Ostrovsky (1921) and “From the Dead House” by F. Dostoyevsky (1927-1928), the symphonic rhapsody

“Taras Bulba” by N. Gogol (1915-1918), piano a trio created under the impression of “The Kreutzer Sonata” by L. Tolstoy (1923), and a number of other works.

The central place in the work of Janacek is occupied by operas. In addition to the above, it is Sharka (1888), The Beginning of the Novel (1891), Fate (1903-1904), The Travel of Pan Brooch (1917), The Chanterelle (1923), The Makropulos “(1923-1925) and acquired the greatest popularity” Her stepdaughter “(” Enuf “) (1894-1903). Among the works of other genres, the most famous are “Lash dances” for orchestra (1889-1890), choruses for the words of P. Bezruch (“Cantor Galfar”, “Marichka Magdanova”, “70000”), Sonata for violin and piano (1914), Sextet for wind instruments (1924), Symphonietta (1926).

Janacek died on August 12, 1928 in Ostrava.


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Summary Leos Janacek