Our carols are neither small nor large; She does not climb into the door And sends us to the window: Do not break, do not ruin. – Give the whole cake. Great Russian chastushka The acquaintance with oral folk art begins [usually with calendar-ritual lyrics, from those poetic forms [which were associated with the most ancient agricultural activity of man. The ancient farmer believed that his existence depended entirely on the mysterious and powerful forces whose good disposition or hostility could provide a person with prosperity or destroy it altogether. Hence, it was necessary to appease these forces, to win their favorable location. To achieve this, it was possible, according to the belief of the ancients, magical spells. So there were winter carols and camel songs. They were usually caressed on Christmas Eve, on the eve of the new year. Massive gangs walked around the village and sang under the windows: A carol came on the eve of Christmas. Give the cow, oil the head! If the
owner was generous, the caroling people praised him, wanting wealth and prosperity. And God forbid that He who is in this house. His rye is thick. Rye is a supper. If the treat turned out. poor, the song ridiculed the tight-fisted master, promised him all sorts of troubles. Do not give the patty – We are the cowboy from the horn, Do not give you the guts – We’re the pork for the temples, You will not give the blink – We are the master of the kick. And it happened even more terrible: For the new year, Aspen’s coffin, Kol and the grave, I trimmed the mare. The general tone of the carols was comedic-joking, “carnival”. This poetry of a festive street with its unusual mobility, rich in improvisation, overflowing with elements of cheerful and audacious people’s humor. Carols were usually performed in chorus, but, it happened, and alone. Another kind of songs were the camels, they accompanied holy fortune-telling: young people gathered in some hut for a get-together, the girls took off their jewelry – rings. earrings or a brooch – and put in a dish, all this was covered
with a handkerchief. One of the girls took out alternating objects; the rest sang songs. the content of which marked the fate of the one whose ornament was taken out. The range of predictions was wide enough, they expressed ideals, attitude to the life of this group of people. There is death along the street, Carrying a pancake on a saucer. To whom the ring will come out – Tom will come true, Soon will come true – Will not fail. In such prophecies they believed, therefore the general tone of the sublime songs is majestic, there is no shadow of joke and laughter. After the winter calendar-ritual songs, a line of ve-Senna-summer was on. These songs accompanied Maslenitsa, Semitsky and Kupala rituals. Maslenitsa is the remnant of the ancient agricultural religion of a dying and resurrecting deity. Shrovetide performed in songs as a generalized symbol. expressing the scope of folk fun: Pancake week, She is a dear darling, She does not go to us for walks, Everything rides around in the Komon. That, the conies were black, That the servants were young. then as a written beauty, the ideal of maiden beauty: Our dear guest Maslenitsa, Avdotya Izotevna, Dunya white, Dunya rosy. The spit is long, triar – chine, the ribbon is scarlet, and is bipedal. Shrovetide hymns, too, were improvised. At first they expressed the appeal of spring, later they began to show the human perception of spring. Have fun, girlfriends, Spring will come to us soon. Spring will come, the sun will rise, Chase snowballs, From the mountains white frost. Later richest folklore developed from ritual poetry. in which the labor processes were celebrated. people’s vices were laughed at – so there was a ditty. Ritual poetry serves as an inexhaustible fount of folk humor, a poetic perception of the world. Pushkin addressed him. M. Lermontov. V. Zhukovsky, N. Nekrasov. A new interest in folklore arose in our days, when numerous ensembles of folk songs began to form, interest in the sources of the poetic creativity of the people, its richest past, increased.
