The first decades of Bolshevik power. the USSR
1. What determined the fate of Ukraine in the first decades after the creation of the USSR?
In December 1919, Soviet Bolshevik power was established on most of the Ukrainian lands. Thus began the time of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic. At the end of 1922 the USSR became a member of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – abbreviated USSR. In this state, Ukraine was before 1991.
The new government proclaimed a course towards industrialization. The grandiose construction required the selfless labor of millions of people. In the hope of making a difference for the better in their lives, people worked for 10-12 hours, lived in barracks, excavated under the foundation with shovels, concrete mixers were rotated by hands, etc. In the early 1930s, such factories appeared as giants such as ” Zaporizhstal, Krivorozhstal, Azovstal, Kharkov Tractor Plant. The Dneprovskaya hydroelectric power station – Dneproges, which was the largest in Europe at that time,
Since 1929 in the villages began the forced creation of collective farms – collective farms. The peasants were selected land, horses, cattle. They ceased to be masters, because they could not dispose of their land or harvested crops. Hleboroby from grandfather-great-grandfather, becoming collective farmers, turned into hired workers. To those who resisted, the Bolsheviks used force. They were declared kulaks, whole families mass exported to Siberia, where they left for settlement.
The greatest disaster of those years was the Holodomor, which resulted in starvation death of 3-3.5 million people. The heaviest were the winter and spring of 1932-1933.
2. Historical sources about the events in the Ukrainian village in the early 1930s.
In his “Diary” a well-known scientist, public figure Sergei Efremov retells an anecdote: “The peasants say that we have a fist who, going to bed, puts his fist under his head, jumps up and runs on the field
From the message of the British diplomat: “As I have already noted in my report, the situation in Ukraine is clearly inadequate.” Agriculture has not lived up to expectations, so there is an acute shortage of food. “The rural workers had a really bitter fate: the harvest, extracted by their hard labor, is taken and exported where there is very little industrial and consumer goods, large areas are almost deserted, land is not cultivated or, at best, is poorly treated and overgrown with weeds. consequence of the export of kulaks, the village lost the most energetic and efficient part of the population. “
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