How people discovered and studied the Earth

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1. Methods of geographical research of the Earth Although mankind has accumulated a lot of knowledge about the Earth, however, many phenomena and processes occurring on it have not been sufficiently studied. It is not always possible, for example, to envisage the consequences of the influence of economic activity on nature or to warn about an impending earthquake. Therefore, scientists continue to explore […]...
2. Zone and azonal natural complexes of the Earth It is impossible to understand the world around us, studying only its separate parts. In nature, everything is interconnected, woven into one whole by thousands of visible and invisible threads. Unravel this tangle and understand the unity of air, water, soil, plants and animals, see the harmony in this, at first glance, chaos and trying […]...
3. Regularities of Earth’s climate formation. What determines the climate? Man has long been interested in the peculiarities of climatic conditions and weather, trying to provide for dangerous natural phenomena and avoid them. It is known that the main causes on which the climate of a certain region depends – climate-forming factors – is the amount of solar radiation, the circulation of the atmosphere and […]...
4. Geographic patterns 1. What are the specific patterns of location on the Earth: a) temperatures; b) precipitation; c) plants and animals. The patterns of location on Earth of temperatures, precipitation, plants and animals are associated with the geographical law of zoning. When moving from the equator to the poles, the conditions for obtaining heat and moisture by […]...
5. The meaning and purpose of the course “Geography of continents and oceans” “Geography of continents and oceans” is one of the most interesting courses in school geography. The diversity of the nature of the world, the journeys and adventures of the discoverers, the riddles of modern Earth exploration, the peculiarities of life and everyday life of the population of different countries – do not count all the […]...
6. Types of pollution of continents, oceans and their sources Pollution is understood as the entry into the environment of substances that degrade the quality of individual components of nature and cause damage to natural complexes, which is particularly detrimental to representatives of the organic world. Pollution of the natural environment, depending on the source of their origin, is divided into mechanical, chemical, physical, biological […]...
7. Composition on “The Sun” Early in the morning, the first rays of the sun touch the ground. It awakens people and the world of nature. People are looking out the windows, birds are singing, insects are bustling about. From the earth’s surface, the sun seems so small that you want to jump and take it in your arms. But […]...
8. Central Black Earth region of Russia 1. The objects being compared should have something in common. In this case, the two economic regions bordering each other are called “Central”. The comparison must have a goal. For example, find out the cause of the differences or determine the consequences. Comparison can pursue a practical goal or a theoretical, scientific one. The purpose […]...
9. The role of the atmosphere in the life of the Earth. Distribution of air temperature on Earth 1. What are the main properties of the atmosphere? The atmosphere is a necessary condition for the birth and existence of life on Earth. The air from which the atmosphere consists is necessary for breathing all living things. A person can not help breathing air even for 1 minute, and only prolonged workouts can extend […]...
10. Composition on the theme of earth We live on the planet Earth, and it is no accident that its main wealth is consonant with the name. The earth is our home, the earth is our nurse. Native land, Homeland – the place where man was born, which will forever remain dear to him. And people are obliged to take care of […]...
11. Climatic zones of the Earth The amount of solar radiation decreases from the equator to the poles, and the air masses are formed depending on the geographical latitude. Therefore, each latitude is characterized by its signs of climate. In this way, according to latitude, climatic belts are singled out – huge territories within which the main climate indicators hardly change. […]...
12. Composition of the environment The environment is the natural habitat that surrounds us everywhere. Over the past decades, people have already built so many factories that the environment has suffered. Some environmental problems are very relevant in modern society. We face the problems of air pollution, water pollution, global warming, nuclear pollution, the disappearance of certain animal species, etc. […]...
13. Forms of relief of the earth’s surface and their formation It is difficult to imagine that in comparison with the real dimensions of the Earth on this model – a globe with a diameter of 1 m – the dimensions of the highest mountain systems and the deepest depressions would not exceed 1 mm. And the ego with the fact that the real maximum elevation […]...
14. Relief of the Earth 1. What is a relief? What are the reasons for its diversity? To answer the second question, it is necessary to imagine how the relief is formed, what forces contribute to the occurrence of unevenness on the Earth’s surface, how the internal and external influences during the formation of the relief differ from place to […]...
15. Common questions to Africa 1. Why is it important to know the geographic location of the continent? What are the characteristics of the geographical location of Africa? Geographical position is the leading concept in geography. Other geographic characteristics also depend on the geographic location. Africa can be called the warmest continent based only on the characteristics of its geographical […]...
16. Types of Earth motion in space and their consequences It is known that the Earth rotates around its axis and around the Sun. The axial movement is directed counter-clockwise. The period of complete revolution of the Earth around its axis lasts 23 hours 56 minutes 04 seconds. Around the Sun the Earth moves in an orbit having the shape of an ellipse. The total […]...
17. Composition on “Water Pollution” Water covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface. This is a very important resource for people and the environment. One of the most acute problems of modern life is pollution and especially water pollution. Many people can not drink water from the rivers near which they live, and also drink tap water, because most of […]...
18. Composition on the topic “Pollution of nature” It’s no secret that people have always, in one way or another, harmed the environment. They cut down trees, hunted, liberated the territory for grazing, but nature under such conditions could be restored. Now the pollution has reached such a scale that it becomes scary. And it happens because of the activity of a person […]...
19. Sources of geographical knowledge. Maps of continents and oceans Knowledge of the Earth did not arise suddenly. They accumulated for thousands of years in many countries, ranging from Sumer and Egypt. Especially the geographical knowledge expanded after the voyages of X. Columbus and F. Magellan, that is, in the era of the Great geographical discoveries. Researchers described the nature of new lands, living conditions […]...
20. General ideas about the surface of the Earth The surface area of ​​the globe is 510 million km2. Most of it is 361 million km2 – is occupied by the World Ocean, and on the land there are 149 million km2 of area. So, the oceans and continents are the largest natural complexes within the geographical envelope of our planet. The world’s ocean […]...
21. Ecology and people It seems to me that every person though, should seriously think about the environment in which he lives. A lot of people tried to figure this out. Various conferences have advanced their assumptions, but for me they are complex and incomprehensible. In search of an alternative, I came across an interesting material that made me […]...
22. Power engineering 1. Do you think that the ratio of electricity produced at stations of different types will change in the future? The production of electricity at stations of different types in Russia is similar to the world average. In the world as a whole, 64% are generated by thermal power plants, 18% by hydroelectric power stations […]...
23. Pollution of the environment Environmental problems have become one of the most pressing problems of modern society. More and more people are suffering from water and air pollution. Nature also suffers from soil pollution and radioactivity. The reasons for such environmental problems are many. Among them, the increase in the number of cars on the roads, the waste of […]...
24. The structure and properties of the geographical shell 1. What is the structure of the geographical envelope? The geography of science studies geography. Geographic envelope is a complex formation, resulting from the interaction and interpenetration of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. The hydrosphere and the biosphere are included in the geographical envelope completely, and the lithosphere and atmosphere are only partially. The […]...
25. Atlantic Ocean 1. What impact on the nature of the Atlantic Ocean is its geographical location and size? The meridional extent of the Atlantic Ocean determines the difference in its nature in latitude. The north of the ocean is strongly influenced by the Arctic, and the south by the Antarctic; the ocean lies in almost all climatic […]...
26. The definition of time on Earth. Time Zones Due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis, each meridian of our planet has its own time, which does not coincide with the time of other meridians. It is called local, or solar time. Therefore, local time is the time on one meridian at the moment. But to use it is inconvenient, since, […]...
27. The structure of the earth’s crust of Africa The relief depends on the structure of the earth’s crust, which was formed for a long time. Under the influence of internal and external processes, the main tectonic structures of Africa emerged and deposits of various minerals were formed to the origin. Covered 2-3 billion years ago, Africa’s high mountain systems under the influence of […]...
28. The work “The Earth is Our Home” Awareness of the homeland for each of the people comes in its own way. But time comes – and everyone understands the inseparable unity with their native land. After all, our grandfathers and parents grew up on this land, we learned to walk on it and our descendants will take the first steps. Our ancestors […]...
29. Ecology essay The word “ecology” in Greek means “the doctrine of the house.” Now most people around the world are concerned about environmental issues, because the planet Earth is our big common house. And the health and well-being of each of us depends on how good everything is in it. Over the past decades, there have been […]...
30. Relation between the forms of the Earth relief and the structure of the lithosphere The lithosphere is the hard shell of the Earth, consisting of the earth’s crust and the upper layer of the mantle. Forty years ago, a scientific theory of lithospheric plates arose. According to this theory, the lithosphere is broken by giant cracks into separate blocks – lithospheric plates. The boundaries of the plates pass along […]...
31. Biography of Claudius Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy – a physicist, a mathematician, an astronomer, a geographer. The biography of Ptolemy has not been reliably studied for several reasons. It so happened that his contemporaries did not mention in their writings Ptolemy. Therefore, all the facts of Ptolemy’s biography are not fully confirmed. His contribution to science and destiny can be […]...
32. The structure of the earth’s crust of North America North America along with Eurasia is the remnant of the ancient continent of the northern hemisphere of Laurasia, which began to split into modern continents at the end of the Mesozoic era about 100 million years ago. The oldest and largest in area tectonic structure of North America is the North American platform, which is […]...
33. Interesting facts on the topics “Earth movement and time zones”, “Relief and its formation”, “Climate” If the Earth was always facing the Sun with one side, like the Moon to the Earth, there would not be a change of day and night, summer and winter. There would be two conditional hemispheres – “daylight” and “night”. Life on such a planet would stop. Owing to a sharp change in temperature, the […]...
34. Earth is in danger Throughout the history of the development of civilization, man increasingly exploits nature and its resources, not realizing that when they are exhausted and nature “falls ill”, then it will not be about the development and prosperity of mankind, but about the elementary survival. Acid rain, poisoned water and polluted air – these are the realities […]...
35. The structure of the earth’s crust and the subglacial relief of Antarctica The structure of the earth’s crust. In the middle of XX century. among scientists there were discussions about what is hidden under the glacial armor of Antarctica: the ocean, the archipelago or the continuous continent. The final answer was given by studies of the earth’s crust. So it was established that the Earth’s crust of […]...
36. Natural zoning 1. Natural complexes are very diverse. Which of them are called natural zones? The natural complex of land, as well as the complex of the geographical envelope as a whole, is a heterogeneous formation and includes natural complexes of lower ranks that differ in the quality of the components of the complex of natural components. […]...
37. Waters of the World Ocean 1. What determines the salinity of ocean waters? The world ocean – the main part of the hydrosphere – is a continuous water shell of the globe. The waters of the World Ocean are heterogeneous in composition and differ in salinity, temperature, transparency and other signs. The salinity of the waters in the ocean depends […]...
38. What is beauty and why is it deified by people Sometimes we hear that beauty is the only force capable of conquering space and time, inspiring musicians, artists and poets; that no one can resist her mysterious attraction. Following F. Dostoevsky we say: “Beauty will save the world.” So, do we make beauty the universal true religion? But it is worth thinking about, and we […]...
39. What is beauty and why people deify it Sometimes we hear that beauty is the only force capable of conquering space and time, inspiring musicians, artists and poets; that no one can resist her mysterious attraction. Following F. Dostoevsky we say: “Beauty will save the world.” So, do we make beauty the universal true religion? But it is worth thinking about, and we […]...
40. Atomic Energy Modern sources of energy are great, but they are not eternal. Reserves of coal, oil and natural gas are inevitably reduced, and the question naturally arises of new sources of energy. Such a source is found: our time can be called the century of atomic energy. The study of the internal structure of matter, the […]...