Daily life, customs and traditions of medieval India

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1. The daily life, customs and traditions of medieval China The Chinese lived in houses without a ceiling. There was almost no furniture in the dwellings. The yard looked like a small fortress. To enter without permission in a strange yard was forbidden – the owner could kick away an uninvited guest, even a “mandarin”. The Chinese wore simple, uniform clothes – trousers and belted […]...
2. Religious life and customs of medieval India At the beginning of our era, Buddhism in India is declining. During the VIII-XII centuries. Hinduism comes to replace it, That has established itself as a state religion. Among the many gods in Hinduism, the most respected are Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. They constitute the “Trimurti” – the triad of the main gods. In the […]...
3. Customs and traditions of medieval China. Clothes, food, houses, holidays The basis of the economy of medieval China was agriculture, mainly – arable farming. At first the Chinese raised wheat and millet, but gradually they preferred rice. In the paddy rice fields, the Chinese bred fish, which was valued more meat. The development of rice growing and related laborious work in the fields formed the […]...
4. The Daily Life of Byzantium The peasants built their houses out of stone and reeds. The premises were lit with a torch or a beam. We slept on mattresses stuffed with straw. Near the house there was a garden, a vegetable garden, economic buildings, a cellar or a pit, huge vessels buried for storage of grain, wine, olives. The richer […]...
5. Culture of medieval India In medieval India, natural sciences developed, especially mathematics, astronomy, medicine. The Indians are the creators of the “Arabic numerals”, which all mathematicians now use. Our school arithmetic is also of Indian origin. Long-standing Indian methods of healing with medicinal herbs are studied by modern medics. Sanskrit-speaking literature developed. Lyrical works and plays of the great […]...
6. Caste system in medieval India Even the oldest Indians were divided into four Varna: brahmanas, kshatriyas, vaisyas and sudras. Everyone was respected depending on which of the varna he belonged to. The one who did not belong to any of the varnas was considered “untouchable” and treated worse than with the cattle. In the Middle Ages, varna began to split […]...
7. The Gupta Empire in medieval India At the dawn of the Middle Ages, India was divided into many small countries of the most diverse type. The boundaries between them changed even faster than the dynasties and ruling rajas. In North India, a large state association, Magadha, was formed. It occupied the middle reaches of the Ganges River. The rise of the […]...
8. Science and culture of medieval India In the Middle Ages in India favorable conditions were created for the development of education and science, in particular mathematics, astronomy, medicine. Indian mathematicians used the original decimal system of accounts, which with the Arabs subsequently fell into Europe. Hence the name – the Arabic numbers of the High level reached astronomy. Scientists have learned […]...
9. Castes and communities in medieval India In ancient times in India there was a division of society into four varnas. These are brahmanas, ksatriyas, vaisyas and sudras. At the beginning of our era in the organization of varnas there are significant changes. Each varna began to be divided into higher and lower castes. The most deprived of the lower caste were […]...
10. Everyday life in the Moscow state. Description of the house, clothes, shoes, food Princes and boyars lived in mansions, townspeople – in houses of wooden logs. The poor were huddled in shacks without windows. In the house there was certainly a massive stove, often painted. She baked bread and cooked food. Glass windows first appeared in the XIV-XV centuries. in Moscow and Novgorod, and then only in the […]...
11. English traditions The English are famous for their ancient customs and traditions. Some traditional British dishes, holidays and sports are known all over the world. The tradition of a hearty breakfast has existed since the XVIII century. A full English breakfast became very popular after the First World War, at that time it was served in hotels […]...
12. Clothing and footwear in medieval Europe Medieval Europeans dressed warmer than the Romans, because the climate in Europe was colder, besides, the church considered the body “sinful” and demanded to carefully cover it. Europeans managed only with outer clothing. The main details were a linen shirt, short pants, a top shirt, a raincoat. Gradually it became fashionable to wear thick stockings […]...
13. The picture of the world and the way of life of a medieval man For each historical era, its perceptions and understanding of the environment are characteristic. In the Middle Ages, uneducated people relied on rumors, received knowledge from the stories of the elders of the role, legends and retellings. Sometimes it was difficult for them to tell the truth from fictions and fables. Little was known about other […]...
14. Clothing, footwear and jewelry in medieval Europe The clothing of people of the early Middle Ages was surprisingly monotonous. There were no big differences in the clothes of a nobleman and peasant, male and female clothes. It was based on short trousers and a linen shirt to the knees. Also put on another top shirt made of dense fabric, just below the […]...
15. The customs and customs of the ancient Greeks in Homer’s poem “The Odyssey” At the end of the Trojan War, the Greek leaders with their squads, with booty and captives returned to their homeland. Homer’s poem “Odyssey” tells of returning home, to the island of Ithaca, a clever Odyssey. Before us are the events of ancient times, the author acquaints us with the customs of ancient people, for […]...
16. Life and leisure of citizens in medieval Europe. Burgers In the life of the urban lower classes, the features of peasant life and customs were preserved. Another thing – the life of rich burghers. The burghers increasingly preferred comfort and luxury, but did not show them off. Their houses they furnished with solid furniture. The life of a rich burgher hardly differed from the […]...
17. Everyday life in Russia in the XIII-XV centuries. Home, clothes, food In XIII – XV centuries. noble people in Russia lived for the most part in the mansion – two or three-story buildings, first wooden, and later – stone, with porches and teremami. They were surrounded by tall wooden fences with gates and wickets. In the center of the courtyard, apart from the choir itself, there […]...
18. Religious life and culture of medieval China Since the beginning of the Middle Ages, Buddhism is spreading in China. In the VI. it becomes the state religion. It was the early Middle Ages that became the period of the establishment of Buddhism, which had a tremendous impact on the development of Chinese philosophy, literature and art. Buddhism absorbed local rites and the […]...
19. Holidays, shows, entertainment in Byzantium The Byzantines skillfully spent their leisure time. They celebrated Christian holidays, especially Easter, but they did not renounce “devil’s play” – pagan holidays and rituals. So, on the night of January 1, Calendas were celebrated, and a few days earlier – Brumalii, the shortest days of the year. Men dressed as women, women as men, […]...
20. The role of religion and church in the life of medieval Europe In the life of the peoples of medieval Europe, the church played an exceptionally important role. She defined the life of a person from his birth to death, “kept him in constant fear for the fate of his soul after death.” Under the control of the church were not only the lower social classes, but […]...
21. Holidays in the USA In the US, as in any country in the world, there are holidays. Under the US Constitution, the government has no right to set holiday (weekend) days for the whole country, therefore officially in the US there are no national holidays. In fact, such are all federal holidays. Their eleven – ten annual and one, […]...
22. My family traditions At me very big and amicable family – mum, the daddy, I and grandmothers with the grandfathers. In our family for all time there were many traditions, which every time help us to become even friendlier and happier. One of such traditions is a joint dinner on Saturdays, for which our whole family gathers in […]...
23. Hinduism is the religion of India In medieval India, Buddhism gave way to a much simpler and more accessible religion – Hinduism. Why did this happen? First of all, because Buddhism denied caste inequality and thus came into conflict with the whole of Indian reality. Hinduism is at the same time a religion and a great many religions. There are hundreds […]...
24. “Labor traditions of the family” composition All families are different and each of them has its own traditions. The common traditions of every family are different holidays, for which all members of the family come together. In our family, too, there are such traditions. Still, as in many families, there are labor traditions in my family. Every spring we go to […]...
25. Main events, facts and facts on the topic “Religious and cultural life of medieval Europe” in the tables 756 – the foundation of the Papal States with the center in Rome. 1054 – schism – the division of the church into the Catholic and Orthodox. The Cluny movement and the reform activities of Pope Gregory VII: The election of Pan Roman by the conclave of the Cardinals; The introduction of the vow of […]...
26. Life in the times of Kievan Rus 1. What were the most ancient cities on our lands? The lands of Russia in 9-10 centuries. foreigners called the “country of hail”. “Grads”, that is, fortresses, were built of wood – they planted, hence the name – “garden”, or “hail”. The settlements gradually turned into cities. Large cities consisted of three parts. One of […]...
27. Population and appearance of the cities of medieval Europe The composition of the population of the medieval city was extremely heterogeneous. The craftsmen prevailed in it, who themselves sold their own products, combining in one person an artisan and a merchant. Most of the urban population was involved in the service sector. They belonged to hairdressers, owners of inns, laborers, servants, etc. In large […]...
28. India – “The country of a thousand miracles.” Delhi Sultanate. The Mughal Empire At the end of the old – the beginning of a new era, India was repeatedly conquered by strangers. A huge country was inhabited by a great many peoples and tribes, so it was difficult to unite it to repel invaders. Political fragmentation contributed to the fact that the local nobility cared more for their […]...
29. Customs of Great Britain England is a great state with a rich history and centuries-old traditions. Ancient generic castles with haunting ghosts, ancient universities, famous English pubs, as well as the royal family, considered the subject of partial interest and self-esteem of the British – all this is England. According to the English-speaking Oxford Dictionary, the first use of […]...
30. Strengthening of royal power in medieval France In 987, after the death of King Louis V of Lazy, the rule of the Carolingian dynasty ceased. The rulers of the duchies and counties elected a new king. He became a representative of the genus Robertinov – Count Hugo Capet. He was nicknamed the monastic hood, which was worn as a secular abbot of […]...
31. Main events, facts and facts on the topic “India. China” in the tables The states of China in the Middle Ages Sui Dynasty Construction of the Grand Canal; An attempt to unite China. Tang Dynasty Administrative reform; Insurrection of the peasants. The Age of “Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms” Song Dynasty Unification of China; 1234 – the conquest of China by the Mongols Yuan Dynasty Accession of Tibet; […]...
32. Craft in the medieval city. Workshops The economic basis of the West European medieval city was the craft. Craftsmen of one or several related professions united in workshops. Several reasons contributed to this: first, it was easier for artisans to defend themselves against the willfulness of the feudal lords; secondly, the workshops had more opportunities to combat the competition of newcomers […]...
33. Weapons and military equipment in medieval Europe In the Middle Ages, people almost all their lives were associated with weapons. Freedom and honor, home and wealth were not simply protected by legal clauses. For many centuries, the destinies of people were resolved through fights, battles, uprisings, riots, conspiracies, tribal and personal conflicts. All this contributed to the intensive development of weapons business. […]...
34. Universities of medieval Europe On the basis of several good schools there were universities. The first universities appeared in the XII century. in Bologna and Paris. Later, universities also appeared in other countries: Oxford and Cambridge in England, Salamansky in Spain, Prague in the Czech Republic, Krakowski in Poland, etc. At the end of the 15th century, in Europe […]...
35. Food and drink in medieval Europe Food in the Middle Ages was fairly monotonous. Simple people – peasants and artisans – often ate rye bread, porridge, beans, turnips, cabbage or cereals, seasoned with onion and garlic. Traditional daily drinks were tinctures of forest berries, herbs, beer and wine. Meat spruce is rare, mainly for holidays. Occasionally used and dairy products. Quite […]...
36. From the book Oleksy Voronaya “Customs of our people” Day of the Great Martyr Catherine, or, as usual, this holiday is called in the people, “Kateriny”, is a holiday of a girl’s destiny. On the eve of this holiday, once the boys asked God to send them a good wife. On a festive day, on the seventh of December, the girls invoke and call […]...
37. Housing and household utensils in medieval Europe The general appearance of housing and household utensils indicated the occupation and the status of the owners. The type of housing was influenced by geographical conditions. People then lived predominantly in the countryside. The villages, large and small, were located near the castle. In the mountainous areas, peasants could settle in hamlets. The peasant houses […]...
38. House in medieval Europe. Description The medieval people lived in houses that lacked the conveniences that were usual for us. In the cold season, they were heated with a fire, the smoke from which came out either through a hood over the fireplace, or through windows and a hole in the roof. Expensive glass was used almost exclusively in church […]...
39. Happy day of my life Hey, cat, without you, I’m not cute! In my soul you will remain forever. You awaken tenderness in a person. Parvin Etessami As a child, I dreamed of having a pet, but my parents all objected. And the happy day of my life was the one when I finally persuaded them to take a small […]...
40. Ukrainian city in the 18th – first half of the 19th century 1. What was the Ukrainian city in the late 18th – early 19th century? In the 18th century. almost all towns and villages remained small settlements, which almost did not differ from villages. Their inhabitants were engaged not only in crafts and trade, but also in agriculture. From the last decades of the 18th century. […]...